Bihar has been reported to have the lowest sex ratio at birth in 2022 across all States and Union Territories in India, featuring a troubling statistic of 891 girls born for every 1,000 boys. This data, presented in the recent Civil Registration System (CRS) vital statistics report by the Office of the Registrar General of India, highlights a significant decline in Bihar's sex ratio at birth, which has dropped consistently from 964 in 2020, to 908 in 2021, and further to 891 in 2022. The ongoing decline is alarming as it occurs in the lead-up to the Bihar Assembly elections, where a considerable portion of the electorate, approximately 47.6% of Bihar's 7.64 crore electors, are women.

Key Points:

• Bihar's Sex Ratio at Birth:

  • Lowest in India at 891 girls per 1,000 boys in 2022.
  • Continuous decline since 2020 (964 in 2020, 908 in 2021).

• Context:

  • This decline in sex ratio may have political implications, as parties are targeting women voters with promises like cash transfers in other states (Haryana, Maharashtra, Jharkhand).

• Electoral Statistics:

  • Women accounted for 50.4% of votes polled in the 2024 general elections.

• Other States’ Ratios:

  • Maharashtra: 906, Telangana: 907, Gujarat: 908.
  • Nagaland had the highest ratio at 1,068, followed by Arunachal Pradesh (1,036) and others.

• Improvement Noted:

  • Assam improved from 863 in 2021 to 933 in 2022.

• Additional Reports:

  • CRS data for 2022 was released recently, while the Sample Registration System (SRS) report for 2022 is yet to be published.
  • CRS and MCCD reports offer insights into registered births and deaths along with causes of medically certified deaths.

• Birth and Death Statistics:

  • In 2022, there were 86.5 lakh registered deaths, dropping from 102.2 lakh in 2021 due to COVID-19.
  • Registered births rose to 254.4 lakh in 2022 as compared to 242 lakh in the previous year.

• Registration Statistics:

  • Births in rural areas: 43%
  • Births in urban areas: 56.5%
  • Of total registered births, boys constituted 52.4% and girls 47.6%.

• Stillbirths and Registered Deaths:

  • Registered stillbirths fell from 1.24 lakh in 2021 to 1.15 lakh in 2022.
  • Registered deaths consisted of 60.4% males and 39.6% females.
  • 59.5% of registered deaths occurred in rural India.

These statistics reflect ongoing demographic challenges related to gender ratios and overall population health indicators, establishing a critical area for policy intervention and public health initiatives. The data evidences a significant gender imbalance that could have broader social implications, echoing the importance of addressing gender discrimination at various levels in society.

Conclusion: The report elucidates the pressing need for focused governmental programs to improve the sex ratio at birth and enhance maternal health services, demonstrating the critical intersection of demographics and electoral politics in Bihar.

The recent rise in COVID-19 cases in India has sparked discussions on the state of public health and vaccination strategies. As of June 8, 2025, the Ministry of Health reported 5,755 active COVID-19 cases in India, with 5,484 recoveries documented. Experts attribute the increase in infections to seasonal fluctuations, noting that the current dominant variant is an Omicron sub-lineage, which has shown a mild disease profile rather than severe effects.

Key Details:

• Current Situation:
  • Total active cases: 5,755
  • Total recoveries: 5,484
• Dominant Variant: The rising cases are primarily from the Omicron sub-variants NB.1.8.1 and LF.7, related to JN.1, which is associated with the BA.2.86 variant first identified in November 2021.
• Symptoms: The symptoms reported are largely similar to those of a common cold or seasonal flu, including fever, cough, and fatigue, highlighting the mild nature of the current wave.

Healthcare Response:

• The healthcare system is reportedly well-prepared to handle the uptick in cases without experiencing significant strain.
• Health professionals express confidence that most patients have a protective immune response due to previous infections or vaccinations, as over 220 crore doses of vaccines have been administered since the nationwide immunization effort began in January 2021.

Vaccination Insights:

• The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has indicated that there is no immediate need for mass booster vaccination drives, although individuals may seek boosters on a personal basis.
• Although previous vaccines may not be as effective against Omicron variants, they are still deemed effective in preventing severe disease.
• There are currently no available stocks of COVID-19 vaccines due to expiry, though the government can facilitate production if required. State governments, including Kerala, have noted a cautious approach regarding further booster shots, advocating for further study of current epidemiological data before making recommendations.

Legal Developments:

• The Delhi High Court has mandated that the Centre provide a comprehensive report on COVID-19 management, including the protocols for sample collection and transportation.

Recommendations from Experts:

• Experts emphasize the importance of basic preventive measures and staying informed about the evolving situation.
• Guidelines from the World Health Organization recommend vaccination primarily for high-risk groups, such as individuals over 70 and those with co-morbidities.

Summary of Findings:

• Current Case Context:
  • Omicron sub-variants are prevalent, leading to a mild resurgence in cases with the healthcare system holding capacity.
• Vaccination Strategies:
  • No mass booster campaigns are proposed currently; focus remains on at-risk groups.
• Public Health Recommendations:
  • Adherence to hygiene and personal protective measures is strongly recommended.
• Legal Oversight:
  • Courts are actively involved in shaping public health responses regarding the pandemic.

Conclusion:

The rise in COVID-19 infections in India highlights the ongoing challenge posed by the pandemic, where physiologic immunity from past infections and vaccinations plays a crucial role in managing case severity. With adequate healthcare preparedness and tailored vaccination strategies, India aims to navigate this endemic phase while remaining vigilant to the evolving nature of COVID-19.

Summary of the Inauguration of Vande Bharat Trains in Kashmir

On Friday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated two specially designed Vande Bharat trains connecting Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra to Srinagar. This historical milestone establishes a direct rail link to the Kashmir Valley, significantly influencing the region's development, trade, and tourism while enhancing its integration with the rest of India.

Historical Context of Rail Connectivity in Jammu and Kashmir:

• Initial Attempts: The first railway line in the then princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was constructed by the British in 1897, connecting Jammu and Sialkot over a distance of 40-45 km.
• Proposals: In 1902 and 1905, proposals for a railway line from Rawalpindi to Srinagar were made but were not pursued due to differing preferences from Maharaja Pratap Singh.
• Impact of Partition: Following the 1947 Partition, Sialkot became part of Pakistan, severing Jammu's rail connectivity with India.
• Delayed Developments: The Pathankot-Jammu line opened in 1975, with further projects like the Jammu-Udhampur line launched in 1983, ultimately taking 21 years to complete.

Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) Project:

• Approval and Costs: The USBRL Project was approved in March 1995 with an estimated budget of Rs 2,500 crore, later declared a national project in 2002. The total expenditure exceeded Rs 43,780 crore for 272 km of tracks, involving the construction of 36 tunnels and 943 bridges.
• Completion and Engineering Challenges: The complex construction faced significant geological challenges, including seismic risks and harsh weather conditions.

Benefits of the New Vande Bharat Trains:

• Reduced Travel Time: The new trains will cover the 272 km distance between Katra and Srinagar in approximately three hours, halving the road travel duration.
• All-Weather Connectivity: The trains are designed to operate year-round, ensuring reliable access even during winter months.
• Future Extensions: Plans to extend the service to Jammu Tawi will allow passengers to travel directly to Srinagar from various parts of India.

Economic Implications:

• The rail link is anticipated to enhance the tourism potential of Jammu and Kashmir significantly.
• The efficient transport of goods, such as apples, dry fruits, and handicrafts, will facilitate quicker distribution to other regions, leading to lower transportation costs.
• Increased connectivity is expected to lower the overall costs of importing essential goods to the Valley.

Noteworthy Engineering Features:

• The railway project boasts several notable engineering accomplishments:
  • World's Highest Railway Arch Bridge: Located in Reasi district at a height of 359 meters above the Chenab riverbed.
  • First Cable-Stayed Railway Bridge: Also in Reasi district.
  • Country’s Longest Transport Tunnel: Measuring 12.77 km located in Ramban district.

Key Facts and Figures

• Train Inauguration: Prime Minister Modi inaugurated the trains on [specific date].
• Rail Length: USBRL spans 272 km.
• Investment: Total cost was Rs 43,780 crore.
• Travel Speed: Journey time reduced to approximately three hours.

This development not only marks a transformative phase for the rail connectivity in Jammu and Kashmir but is also expected to catalyze economic growth and enhance tourism in the region. The strategic importance of this project lies in its potential to bridge socio-economic gaps by ensuring comprehensive access to the Valley.

In 2022, the Civil Registration System (CRS) reported approximately 86.5 lakh registered deaths in India, a significant decrease compared to the previous peak of 1.02 crore deaths in 2021 driven largely by the Covid-19 pandemic. The latest CRS data, released recently, lacks comprehensive details regarding birth and death registrations, which were available before the pandemic. Prior to 2020, India's death registration rate increased, reaching about 92% for the year 2019. However, crucial statistics regarding the death registration proportion during the pandemic years are notably absent.

Key Findings:

1. Covid-19 Death Under-reporting:

   • Officially, around 5.3 lakh deaths were attributed to Covid-19 in India from 2020 to 2022. However, CRS suggests the actual death toll could be between 20 to 25 lakh, indicating a severe under-reporting of Covid-19 fatalities.
   • Estimates from various research studies that suggested India’s Covid-19 death toll ranged from 5 to 6 million were deemed exaggerated.

2. Trends in Birth Registrations:

   • Birth registrations saw a notable decline during the pandemic years. From 2.48 crore births in 2019, it fell to roughly 2.42 crore in both 2020 and 2021.
   • In 2022, there was a rebound with more than 2.54 crore births registered, marking the highest annual registration for births.

3. Death Registration Data:

   • The 86.5 lakh deaths registered in 2022 is the highest number post-2021 and aligns closely with pre-pandemic averages. From 2007 to 2019, the average death count was approximately 83.5 lakh annually.
   • Historically, registered deaths during 2007 to 2019 ranged from 81.17 lakh (2017) to 85.89 lakh (2012), with registration rates improving from 69% to 92%.

4. Medical Certification of Deaths:

   • Only 25,393 deaths in 2022 were certified as caused by Covid-19 according to the newly released data, a stark contrast to the 4,13,580 attributed deaths in 2021.

5. Overall Assessment:

   • The 2022 figures do not suggest an abnormality in death rates compared to historical data, being slightly above the upper bound of previous years but within a margin acceptable for normal fluctuations.

Summary of Implications:

• The CRS data emphasizes the critical importance of accurate reporting and registration of deaths for effective public health policy and response planning, especially in light of pandemics.
• With improvements in birth registration, it is imperative to enhance the mechanisms for death registrations and attribution of causes, particularly to capture accurate data for health trends and resource allocation.

This data presents significant considerations for future governmental health policies and the necessity for an effective civil registration framework to ensure all deaths and causes of death are comprehensively recorded and reported.

Bullet Points:

• In 2022, India registered 86.5 lakh deaths; a reduction from 2021's peak of 1.02 crore deaths due to Covid-19.
• Official Covid-19 death count (5.3 lakh) is vastly under-representative; actual deaths may be between 20-25 lakh.
• Birth registrations dropped during the pandemic but rebounded in 2022 to over 2.54 crore births.
• Death registration improved from 69% to 92% between 2007 and 2019; 2022 deaths align with historical averages.
• Only 25,393 deaths were certified as Covid-19 related in 2022, down from 4,13,580 in 2021.
• Enhanced civil registration systems are crucial for accurate health data and policymaking.

Summary of the Indian Economic Growth Journey

The Indian economy is on the verge of achieving a significant milestone by becoming the fourth-largest globally, projected to surpass Japan with an estimated GDP of $4.19 trillion according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This growth stands in stark contrast to its humble beginnings in 1947, when India's economy was only $33 billion, crippled by British colonial exploitation and characterized by what was termed the "Hindu rate of growth" — stagnation at 3-4 percent annually.

Key Historical Economic Milestones:

• 1947: India gains independence with a $33 billion economy.
• 1991: Economic liberalization under the Narasimha Rao government marks a turning point, paving the way for entrepreneurship and rapid growth.
• 2000s: The IT sector flourishes, fueled by the internet boom, propelling India's economy beyond $2 trillion.

The governance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has significantly emphasized faster economic growth through initiatives such as:

• Stand-Up India: Aimed at promoting entrepreneurship among marginalized groups.
• Start-Up India: Fostering innovation and supporting start-ups.
• Make in India: Encouraging manufacturing in the country.

These programs have contributed to a robust services sector, which now accounts for approximately 60% of India's GDP. A notable increase in monthly per capita expenditure has been observed, rising over 2.5 times within the last decade, reflecting increased consumer spending on travel, health, and education.

Tourism, a crucial sector for economic growth, experienced remarkable expansion; India registered around 2.5 billion domestic tourist visits last year, and projections suggest that almost 29 million Indians will travel abroad in 2024—a 30% increase compared to previous years. The economic landscape indicates a strong middle class emerging, accompanied by the near eradication of baseline poverty.

Future Economic Aspirations:

• The Indian government aims for its economy to reach $5 trillion by 2027 and $10 trillion by 2035.
• This growth stems from correcting previous economic discrepancies, eliminating the parallel economy, adequate wealth distribution, and enhanced consumption.

Strategic Considerations for Further Growth:

• The trajectory of India’s economic development necessitates careful calibration. Continued growth will require not just consumption but also a focus on trade and technological innovation.
• As seen in historical contexts, India and China were once leading economies; however, the advent of the industrial and subsequent digital revolutions created evident disparities.
• Currently, we are in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. India must prioritize developments in frontier technologies—such as AI, quantum technologies, and bio-engineering—to secure a competitive global position.

Challenges and Strategic Goals:

• India's growth cannot solely rely on catching up to developed nations but must also focus on leading in innovative and advanced sectors.
• Emphasis on generating a conducive investment climate in advanced technology sectors will be critical for India to achieve its ambitious economic targets.

Key Highlights:

• India is projected to become the fourth-largest economy, overtaking Japan.
• Economic growth initiated post-1991 liberalization; Modi's government has accelerated this with several key programs.
• Services sector comprises 60% of GDP; significant rise in per capita spending.
• Tourism industry shows robust growth, creating a strong middle class.
• Future growth plans target $5 trillion by 2027 and $10 trillion by 2035.
• India's strategic path should focus on technological advancements and innovative sectors to maintain sustainable growth.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) convened its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) in June 2025, implementing significant monetary policy adjustments aimed at stimulating economic growth amid a favorable inflation landscape.

Key Announcements:

• The MPC reduced the repo rate by 50 basis points to 5.50%, marking its third consecutive cut since February 2025.
• The decision is aimed at enhancing growth prospects amidst retail inflation remaining below the target of 4%.
• The MPC also reduced the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of banks by 100 basis points to 3%, which will inject Rs 2.5 lakh crore into the banking system as lendable resources.

Inflation and Economic Growth:

• The latest consumer price index (CPI) showed a decline in inflation to 3.2% in April 2025, the lowest level since July 2019.
• The decrease in CPI has been mainly attributed to a drop in food prices, establishing an environment conducive to further rate reductions.
• The RBI forecasts GDP growth at 6.5% for FY2025-26, alongside an inflation projection of 3.7%—revised down from an earlier estimate of 4%.
• Economic growth was highlighted in the previous quarter, with the GDP showing an increase of 7.4%—the highest growth observed over the last four quarters.

Monetary Policy Stance:

• The MPC shifted its policy stance from ‘accommodative’ to ‘neutral’ to better balance growth stimulation with inflation control.
• RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra indicated that the MPC believes core inflation will remain manageable, necessitating early rate cuts to support economic activity.

Borrower and Saver Implications:

• The repo rate cut will reduce lending rates linked to external benchmarks, leading to lower equated monthly installments (EMIs) for borrowers on home and personal loans; potentially decreasing monthly payments by Rs 800-1,200 per lakh.
• However, savers may experience a decline in deposit interest rates as banks adjust yields in response to the lowered lending rates, with current rates around 2.7%, impacting conservative savers significantly.
• The bond market is expected to benefit from the rate cuts, with potential declines in yields and rising bond prices enhancing returns for existing holders of government securities and boosting demand for fixed-income assets.

Economic Indicators:

• Key economic indicators remain cautiously optimistic, with improved private consumption, robust bank and corporate balance sheets, and easing financial conditions supporting the economy.
• The government's ongoing focus on capital expenditure is expected to further boost economic performance.

Conclusion:

The revision of the repo rate and cash reserve ratio signals the RBI's proactive stance in managing economic growth while maintaining inflation targets. With a more neutral policy outlook, the banking sector and financial markets are likely to adapt to these changes, influencing borrowing costs and savings rates significantly.

Important Sentences:

• RBI's MPC cut the repo rate by 50 basis points to 5.50%.
• The cash reserve ratio was also reduced by 100 basis points to 3%.
• CPI inflation fell to 3.2% as of April 2025, due to declining food prices.
• GDP growth for FY2025-26 is projected at 6.5%, with inflation expected at 3.7%.
• Borrowers will benefit from lower EMIs, while savers may see reduced returns on deposits.
• The monetary policy stance shifted from 'accommodative' to 'neutral' to balance growth and inflation.

The article highlights the complex interplay between leprosy, climate change, and poverty in India, focusing specifically on regions such as West Bengal and Bihar. It illustrates the ongoing stigma surrounding leprosy and the resurgence of the disease amid climate-induced disasters and socioeconomic challenges. Below is a comprehensive summary:

Summary:

• Background on Leprosy and Stigma: Sharadindu Ghosh, raised in a leprosy colony, narrates his childhood experience around stigma related to his father's leprosy. Such stigmatization remains prevalent in India, where many believe it to be a punishment from God, propagating discrimination against affected families.

• Status of Leprosy in India: The World Health Organization (WHO) deemed leprosy as eliminated as a public health issue in India in 2005, with fewer than 1 case per 10,000 individuals. However, the disease has reportedly re-emerged in regions severely impacted by climate change, such as West Bengal and Bihar.

• Current Statistics: India reported approximately 103,819 new leprosy cases in the year 2022-23, with Grade 2 Disability (G2D) cases accounting for 2.28% of new cases—a noteworthy 25% of the global G2D count.

• Compounding Risks: Research indicates climate-induced disasters adversely affect leprosy-affected communities, leading to loss of homes, crops, and access to emergency shelters. A particular study highlights this issue, showing that individuals with disabilities related to leprosy often face discrimination during evacuations and in relief camps.

• Vulnerability Factors: As one of the most climate-vulnerable countries globally, India faces amplified risks of floods, with 28 out of 38 districts in Bihar being flood-prone. States like Odisha are similarly impacted, facing severe weather events that directly correlate with agricultural disruption and rising leprosy prevalence.

• Leprosy Endemic Areas: High rates of leprosy (over 3%) have been reported in districts like Kishanganj (Bihar), Raigarh (Chhattisgarh), and Nuapada (Odisha), which also exhibit high poverty levels. Meanwhile, tribals in both Maharashtra and West Bengal remain at risk despite living in relatively better-off states.

• Link Between Climate Change and Health: Different factors such as malnutrition, lack of clean water, and poor hygiene—exacerbated by extreme climate events—considerably heighten the risks of leprosy transmission in affected communities.

• Displacement and Urban Migration: Climate shocks prompt migration to urban slums, where overcrowding increases the likelihood of disease transmission. Shravasti in Uttar Pradesh, showing high leprosy rates and multidimensional poverty, exemplifies this phenomenon.

• Urgent Interventions Recommended: Experts recommend:

  • Community resilience building and health awareness regarding climate adaptation.
  • Strengthening healthcare systems in endemic areas to deal with both climate shocks and health threats.
  • Conducting local climate and health risk assessments.

• "Triple Jeopardy" Districts: Approximately 30 districts in India face the simultaneous challenges of leprosy, climate change, and poverty. Focused resources and support should be prioritized in these regions for effective outcomes.

• Call for Action: The article asserts the necessity for immediate interventions in healthcare related to leprosy amidst changing climate conditions and the demand for increased funding and visibility for initiatives that link climate change and public health.

Key Points:

• Stigma linked to leprosy persists in Indian society.
• Leprosy was declared eliminated by WHO in 2005, but new cases rose to over 103,000 in 2022-23.
• Climate change significantly impacts areas with high leprosy prevalence, driving health disparities.
• Areas like Bihar, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh face compounded risks of climate-induced disasters that worsen leprosy transmission.
• Urgent need for tailored health initiatives and funding to address the intersecting issues of climate, disease, and poverty.

This summary encapsulates the ongoing issues related to leprosy in the context of climate change and the socio-economic status of affected populations in India, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive interventions.

Summary of the Vice-President's Address to Industry Leaders and Entrepreneurs in Bengaluru

The Vice-President of India delivered an insightful speech to industry leaders and entrepreneurs in Bengaluru, emphasizing the city's potential as a hub of innovation, technology, and economic growth. The address encompassed various themes, including national security, economic nationalism, the synergy between agriculture and industry, and the importance of technological advancement.

Key Themes and Highlights:

• Condolences for Recent Violence: The Vice-President opened his address by expressing condolences for victims of recent violence in Pahalgam, highlighting the challenge of terrorism that India faces and praising the armed forces for their decisive actions under "Operation Sindoor".

• Technological Advancement: Bengaluru is highlighted as a center of technological prowess, crucial for India's national security and economic advancement. The rapid emergence of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Blockchain needs to be seized as opportunities for economic growth.

• Economic Growth Indicators: India has experienced unprecedented growth in the past decade, transitioning from being the 11th to the 4th largest economy, with aspirations to become the third largest shortly. The need for an 8-fold increase in per capita income was underscored to truly reflect this growth given India's large demographic size.

• Call for Collaboration: The Vice-President urged corporates to engage in research and innovation, produce green field projects, and develop synergies between agriculture and industry. He emphasized the concept of agripreneurs and the necessity for corporates to invest in the agricultural sector to enhance value addition and sustainability.

• Economic Nationalism: The Vice-President called for a stronger sense of economic nationalism, urging industries to prioritize domestically made products. He lamented the significant impact of imports on India's economy and foreign exchange reserves and encouraged a shift towards self-reliance as echoed by the government's "Make in India" initiative.

• Political Responsibility and Dialogue: Stressing the need for bipartisan cooperation, he called for political parties to engage in soothing dialogue and prioritize national security and development over confrontational politics. He highlighted the importance of public order, respect for the law, and civic responsibilities among citizens.

• Educational Reform: The address emphasized the importance of instilling values of respect and environmental responsibility in children, suggesting education as a medium to foster discipline and enhance national integrity.

• Opportunities Amidst Global Uncertainty: The Vice-President recognized ongoing global conflicts, including the Ukraine-Russia war and the Israel-Palestine situation, as potential disruptions in supply chains. Nevertheless, he viewed these challenges as reservoirs of opportunities for Indian entrepreneurs to innovate and fill market gaps.

• Encouragement for Entrepreneurs: A robust ecosystem is claimed to be in place for promising entrepreneurs, with a call to support their ventures rather than compete against them. The speech concluded with an appeal for an environment ripe with hope and opportunities, urging all stakeholders to actively participate in this growth, especially in light of the promises made by the International Monetary Fund regarding India’s investment landscape.

Important Sentences

• "Bengaluru is one of the top three cities in India in terms of demographic and economic progress."
• "Operation Sindoor successfully showcased the might of Bharat’s armed forces."
• "India aims to be the third-largest economy globally, with an aspiration for an 8-fold increase in per capita income."
• "Corporate investment in research and agriculture is essential for sustainable economic growth."
• "Economic nationalism is pivotal; reducing reliance on imports will strengthen India's economy."
• "Political dialogue must prioritize national interests over partisan divisions."
• "Education plays a key role in fostering respect for law and civic duties among children."
• "Entrepreneurs must be supported, as they are the backbone of India's economic future in a global context marked by uncertainty."

This summary encapsulates the critical components of the Vice-President's address, reflecting India's ambitious trajectory, the challenges ahead, and the collaborative spirit needed to achieve its objectives.

Summary of the News Article on M Ambika's Journey to Becoming an Advocate:

M Ambika, a 46-year-old from Thrissur, Kerala, achieved her long-held dream of becoming an advocate by enrolling with the Bar Council of Kerala on June 1, 2023. Her journey to this milestone was fraught with challenges, but she exhibited remarkable determination and resilience, overcoming societal judgments and personal obstacles. Below are the key points from her life and educational path:

• Early Life and Challenges:

  • Ambika lost both her parents at a young age – her mother when she was one year old and her father when she was eight. She was raised by a grandmother who fell ill, leading Ambika to rely on her older sister, who worked as a sweeper with the Indian Railways.
  • She faced significant difficulties in her academic journey, first failing her Class 10 exam in 1994 after previously being a good student.

• Family and Marriage:

  • Ambika married at 18 and became a mother of two by 22. However, her family's happiness was overshadowed by her daughter’s severe health issues, leading to financial strain as they spent all savings on medical treatments.

• Educational Pursuits:

  • In 2009, a chance encounter with literacy promoter Omana Thankappan compelled Ambika to enroll in a Class 10 equivalency program. This was the beginning of her journey back to education.
  • She completed her Class 10 equivalency in 2009 and Class 12 equivalency in 2018, benefiting from a newly launched program in her village.

• Higher Education:

  • Ambika enrolled in a five-year LLB program at Al Ameen Engineering College in Kulappully, Palakkad, in 2019 at the age of 40. She had a remarkable experience in college, studying alongside students much younger than herself, who respected and supported her.

• Balancing Responsibilities:

  • Throughout her studies, Ambika navigated significant challenges, including managing household responsibilities and commuting an hour and a half to college. She often studied during train journeys and late at night when her daughter was asleep.

• Support System:

  • Ambika received crucial support from her husband, N V Ayyappan, who encouraged her education, helped with family responsibilities, and took on caregiving for their daughter. Their son, Ananthu, also provided academic assistance during her law studies.

• Recognition and Accomplishment:

  • Ambika successfully passed her law exams with a score of 60%, thus culminating in her dream of becoming an advocate. She emphasizes that pursuing education has given her dignity and purpose, and her lifelong goal was only achievable due to the support of her family and her unwavering determination.

This story illustrates the themes of resilience, the transformative power of education, and the importance of familial support in overcoming societal stigmas. Ambika’s journey serves as an inspiring example of how dedication can lead to significant personal and professional achievements against all odds.

The article discusses the efforts by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) in India to integrate alternative data sources into the country’s official statistics, while also highlighting differing opinions from NITI Aayog regarding this approach.

Key Points:

• Context of Workshop:

  • A two-day workshop titled ‘Using Alternate Data Sources and Frontier Technologies for Policy Making’ was initiated by NITI Aayog.
  • Suman Bery, Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog, questioned whetheralternative data should be a priority for MoSPI and highlighted the importance of not becoming “over-involved” in this area.

• Role of Alternative Data:

  • While recognizing the potential of alternative data for real-time economic insights, Bery alluded to the capabilities of India's rich network of think tanks, such as the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), which established a National Data Innovation Centre in 2017.
  • MoSPI Secretary Saurabh Garg emphasized that alternative data sources, such as online booking platforms and over-the-top (OTT) streaming services, can significantly enhance the accuracy and relevance of official statistics.

• Plans for Consumer Price Index (CPI):

  • MoSPI aims to use alternative data for the new CPI series, set to release in early 2026.
  • The efforts include incorporating various data from platforms like IRCTC and the PPAC for price data of essential commodities such as petrol, diesel, and LPG.
  • This revision process also updates major macroeconomic indicators including the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with base years updated to 2022-23 and 2024 respectively.

• Revisions in CPI Methodology:

  • The new CPI series will reflect findings from the recent Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, potentially replacing outdated goods in the CPI basket with more contemporary items, thus ensuring relevance in measuring retail inflation.

• Concerns & Recommendations:

  • Chief Economic Adviser V Anantha Nageswaran advocated for the responsible use of alternative data in official statistics while maintaining the essential role of traditional data sources.
  • He emphasized the importance of “intelligent integration” of both official and alternative data, acknowledging that each can validate the other in crisis response situations.
  • Nageswaran also raised concerns regarding the reliability and governance of frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, urging for the mitigation of risks related to bias and privacy.

• Economic Insight from New Data:

  • Nageswaran discussed how alternative data, for instance, satellite data reflecting night-time luminosity, can provide insights into economic activity, which is vital for timely policymaking and agricultural strategies.

• Future Impacts:

  • Alternative data sources could lead to a shift in policymaking approaches, moving from retrospective analysis towards proactive measures, although they should not replace official statistics entirely.
  • The MOH also aligns with the need for well-governed deployment of technologies tailored to institutional capacities.

In conclusion, while the MoSPI is keen on advancing the incorporation of alternative data sources, the workshop highlighted the critical balance needed between innovation and the reliability of traditional data to inform India’s economic policy effectively. The discussions reflect ongoing efforts to modernize data analytics within the Indian statistical framework, with an eye towards enhancing responsiveness to real-time economic conditions.

Important Sentences:

• NITI Aayog questioned the prioritization of alternative data engagement by MoSPI.
• MoSPI is set to release a new Consumer Price Index (CPI) series by early 2026, incorporating alternative data sources.
• This revision will also update the base years for key macroeconomic indicators to 2022-23 and 2024.
• Chief Economic Adviser Nageswaran emphasized the need for intelligent integration of official and alternative data for proactive policymaking.
• Concerns about bias in AI and privacy risks were raised, highlighting the necessity for robust governance in deploying frontier technologies.

Summary of the News Article on Tata Advanced Systems and Rafale Manufacturing

The recent collaboration between Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and France’s Dassault Aviation is a significant advancement in India’s defense and aerospace manufacturing sector. The partnership marks the initiation of manufacturing the fuselage of the Rafale fighter aircraft in India, positioned as the first instance of production outside of France. Below are the key details and implications of this development:

• Manufacturing Facility: TASL will establish a state-of-the-art production plant in Hyderabad specifically for manufacturing critical structural components of the Rafale fighter jet. This includes essential segments such as the lateral shells of the rear fuselage, the rear section, central fuselage, and front section.

• Production Timeline: The first fuselage sections are projected to be completed by the financial year 2027-28. The facility aims to produce up to two complete fuselages each month.

• Strategic Military Context: The Indian Air Force currently operates 36 Rafale aircraft, and there are plans for the Indian Navy to induct 26 Rafale Marine jets by 2030, under a Rs 63,000-crore agreement finalized in April 2023. The deal encompassed technology transfer and local production capabilities.

• Global Relevance: The Rafale is a 4.5 generation fighter aircraft utilized by several countries beyond India, including Egypt, Qatar, the UAE, Greece, Indonesia, Croatia, and Serbia, indicating a robust international demand.

• Investment in Aerospace: This facility represents a substantial investment in India's aerospace capabilities, aimed at developing high-precision manufacturing processes and enhancing the country’s position in global aerospace supply chains.

• Agreements Signed: Dassault Aviation and TASL have formalized four production transfer agreements as part of this initiative, underscoring a strategic move to bolster India's aerospace manufacturing capabilities.

• Economic and Industrial Impact: This partnership is seen as a leap towards achieving India’s 'Make in India' and 'AtmaNirbhar Bharat' (self-reliant India) initiatives, enhancing India's stature in the global defense manufacturing landscape.

• Comments from Executives: Eric Trappier, Chairman and CEO of Dassault Aviation, articulated the importance of this partnership in strengthening supply chains in India. Sukaran Singh, CEO of TASL, emphasized that this initiative reflects India’s progress toward a robust aerospace manufacturing ecosystem capable of supporting international platforms.

• Industry Context: TASL is a major private player in India’s defense industry, facilitating various segments such as aerostructures, aero-engines, and airborne systems. Additionally, the company is responsible for the final assembly of the made-in-India Airbus C295 tactical airlift aircraft for the Indian Air Force.

This strategic collaboration not only aims to fulfill domestic defense needs but also positions India as a key contender in the ambitious global aerospace sector.

Important Points:

• New Production: First-time fuselage production of Rafale outside France, set in Hyderabad.
• Timeline: First sections to roll out by FY 2027-28, targeting two fuselages monthly.
• Military Plans: Indian Navy to have 26 Rafale Marine jets by 2030; current IAF strength at 36 Rafales.
• International Presence: Rafale used by multiple countries—Egypt, Qatar, UAE, Greece, etc.
• Agreements Signed: Four production transfer agreements strengthen India's aerospace sector.
• Economic Initiative: Supports 'Make in India' and AtmaNirbhar Bharat initiatives.
• Statements from Leadership: CEOs of both companies highlight trust, capabilities, and supply chain readiness.
• TASL Role: Key player in Indian defense, involved in multiple aerospace manufacturing segments.

This development is pivotal for bolstering India's defense infrastructure and self-reliance in aerospace manufacturing.

The article discusses the challenges and changes within the Indian education system, particularly focusing on higher education in Economics and Management. It highlights the disparity between knowledge acquisition and practical application in contemporary academic scenarios, and critiques the prevalent approach in educational institutions.

Summary Points:

• Context of Education in India: The author reflects on their initial doubts while pursuing a research degree in the late 1970s, contrasting it with the current opportunities available for students today.

• Quote from Supervisory Guidance: The advice from the author’s research supervisor suggested that obtaining a Ph.D. in Economics could help “fool others,” hinting at the superficiality sometimes associated with academic credentials.

• Concerns about Graduates' Knowledge: Recent experiences during interview boards revealed that graduates from prestigious institutions lack fundamental understanding of classical and neoclassical economic theories, despite being adept at using software tools like SAS, MATLAB, R, and Python.

• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: The NEP aims to revamp the Indian education system by emphasizing holistic learning, critical thinking, and experiential learning methods, moving away from rote memorization.

• Critique of Current Educational Practices: The author argues that many institutions function as "information refilling stations," merely updating students' knowledge without encouraging critical analysis or practical application of theories.

• Shift Towards Active Learning: There is a movement towards dynamic learning environments where students engage with new information while many institutions still struggle against the constraints of standardized testing and rote learning.

• Disparities in Access to Education: The phrase “people who have money can afford the educational refilling stations” indicates that financial resources significantly influence educational opportunities, with supplementary private educational services being more accessible to wealthier individuals.

• Advertising of Educational Products: A critique is directed towards "edushops" that market advanced courses in Economics and Management, with students often lacking foundational knowledge.

• Concept of Information Illiteracy: Defined as not merely a lack of knowledge, but also includes the inability to use information effectively for personal, educational, or professional goals.

• Call for Institutional Reform: The article stresses the need for legacy institutions in Economics and Management to innovate in their approach to education, addressing current realities rather than perpetuating outdated models.

• Personal Insights: The author, a Senior Fellow & Director at the Institute of Small Enterprises and Development, provides a personal narrative indicating that even respected graduates lack essential theoretical knowledge.

Conclusion:

The article underscores the pressing need for reforms in the educational system in India to foster critical thinking and practical application of knowledge. The author argues for a departure from rote learning to a more dynamic and engaging learning environment that aligns with the market needs and societal realities. The issues raised reflect broader concerns about the quality of education and accessibility in India, particularly for economics and management disciplines.

The meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the Foreign Ministers of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan took place to discuss the outcomes of the 4th Meeting of the India-Central Asia Dialogue, held in New Delhi. The ministers reported on the productive discussions that focused on various aspects of cooperation among the attending nations.

Key Highlights:

• Date of Meeting: The meeting occurred on an unspecified date, with references to the 4th Meeting of the India-Central Asia Dialogue occurring earlier in the same day.

• Participants: The Foreign Ministers from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan participated in the discussions alongside Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

• Major Themes of Discussion:

  • Economic Interconnections: PM Modi shared his vision to deepen economic ties among the Central Asian countries and India.
  • Connectivity: The discussions aimed at improving connectivity, which is vital for trade and communication.
  • Defence and Security Cooperation: Emphasis was placed on enhancing collaboration in defence and addressing security concerns.
  • Emerging Areas of Collaboration: The meeting also touched upon sectors of growing significance, including technology and climate change.

• Condemnation of Terrorism: The Central Asian leaders collectively condemned the recent terrorist attack in Pahalgam that occurred on April 22, 2025, underscoring their commitment to combat cross-border terrorism in collaboration with India.

• Future Engagements: Prime Minister Modi extended an invitation to the leaders of the Central Asian countries for the Second India-Central Asia Summit, which is set to take place in India. This signifies a continued and deepening partnership between India and Central Asia.

Conclusion:

This meeting reflects India's strategic intent to enhance its diplomatic and economic ties with Central Asian nations, recognizing their importance in a multipolar world where regional challenges necessitate joint measures. The discussions not only safeguarded India's priorities but also reinforced shared commitments against terrorism and for enhanced cooperation across various sectors.

Important Points:

• Prime Minister Modi met with Foreign Ministers from five Central Asian nations.
• Discussions included economic ties, security cooperation, and connectivity enhancements.
• The ministers condemned the April 22, 2025, Pahalgam terrorist attack.
• An invitation for a Second India-Central Asia Summit was extended by PM Modi.
• India’s engagement signifies its strategic focus on Central Asia, addressing both regional and international challenges collaboratively.

The recent Critical Mineral Seminar, inaugurated by Union Minister for Coal and Mines, Shri G. Kishan Reddy, marks a decisive step towards bolstering India’s critical minerals ecosystem. The seminar was held in New Delhi and coincided with the launch of the NCMM Outreach Forum under the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM).

Key Points:

• Inauguration and Launch: The seminar focused on critical mining processes and the launch of the NCMM Outreach Forum aimed at improving India's critical minerals ecosystem.

• Strategic Importance: In his address, Minister Reddy highlighted the critical minerals' role in India's transition to clean energy, bolstering defence capabilities, advancing the digital economy, and enhancing manufacturing.

• Collaboration Advocacy: He stressed the necessity for increased collaboration among government entities, industries, research organizations, and startups to develop a resilient and self-reliant critical minerals sector.

• Objectives of the Outreach Forum: The NCMM Outreach Forum is intended to be a platform for innovation, investment attraction, and sustainable development, supporting India's ambition to become a leading player in critical mineral processing and technology.

• Participation and Attendance: The conference saw participation from around 200 delegates, including representatives from the private and public sectors, State Governments, research centres, academic institutions, international financial bodies (ADB, World Bank), and Government of India agencies.

• MoU Signing: Hindustan Copper Limited signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with RITES Limited to ensure a sustainable and efficient supply chain of metals and minerals, including critical materials through exploration, extraction, and production activities both in India and internationally.

• Technical and Policy Dialogue: The seminar featured technical sessions where experts discussed advancements in processing technologies, highlighted indigenous innovations, and proposed methods to improve the efficiency of processing low-grade and complex ores.

• Private Sector Initiatives: Contributions from private sector leaders focused on the development of sustainable processing techniques and industry-led initiatives for refining critical minerals like lithium, nickel, and graphite.

• Infrastructure and State Initiatives: State governments presented initiatives aimed at facilitating critical mineral processing, including infrastructure enhancement and regulatory approvals to support the sector's growth.

• Focus on Financial Models: Discussions included innovative financial strategies designed to minimize investment risks and promote a circular economy through recycling practices and extended producer responsibility.

• Consequential Engagement: Overall, the seminar encouraged more profound engagements among companies and stakeholders to ensure a robust mining and processing industry in India.

The seminar signifies a pivotal point in India's approach to critical minerals, which is foundational for achieving strategic economic and environmental goals aligned with the National Critical Mineral Mission's vision for the future.

The celebration of the 300th birth anniversary of Rajmata Ahilyabai Holkar took place at the National Skill Training Institute for Women (NSTI-W) in Indore, demonstrating her enduring legacy as a beacon of justice, service, and women’s empowerment. Union Minister Jayant Chaudhary, in a message read by Ms. Trishaljit Sethi, emphasized that her ideals continue to inspire initiatives aimed at enhancing vocational training and economic opportunities for women.

Key Highlights:

• Event Overview: The NSTI-W in Indore commemorated Rajmata Ahilyabai Holkar's 300th birth anniversary with a special event celebrating women's empowerment, justice, and service.

• Minister's Address: Minister of State Jayant Chaudhary lauded Holkar’s influence, indicating that her leadership acts as a model for contemporary governance, promoting courage and vision in enhancing women’s empowerment.

• Government Initiatives:

  • The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) is committed to women's empowerment through various initiatives such as:
    • National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs)
    • Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
    • National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD)
    • Skill India Digital Hub
  • The Madhya Pradesh Government’s introduction of a dedicated training initiative in Holkar’s name underscores the continuing relevance of her values.

• Empowerment Themes: The phrase "Kushal Nari, Sashakt Nari" reiterates the Government's focus on women’s economic empowerment as vital to both personal and national development, aligned with the values Rajmata embodied.

• MP’s Perspective: Local MP Shankar Lalwani highlighted the transformative measures taken under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government aimed at increasing access to education and entrepreneurial support for women, especially from rural backgrounds.

• Legacy and Impact:

  • The Director General of Training, Ms. Trishaljit Sethi, noted that the NSTI-W plays a critical role in ensuring women have access to vocational training and entrepreneurship avenues.
  • Quotations from Prime Minister Modi affirm Ahilyabai Holkar as a key figure in nation-building and women’s contributions.

• Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Joint Secretary Hena Usman detailed ongoing efforts to create a nurturing environment for entrepreneurship through institutions like NIESBUD and IIE, stating that over 22,000 individuals in Madhya Pradesh have received training under various schemes:

  • Programs such as SANKALP, STRIVE, PM Janman, PM SVANidhi, and PM Surya Ghar are active in fostering new enterprises, leading to 2,400 business registrations and nearly 2,800 job opportunities.

• Exhibitions and Cultural Performances: The event included an exhibition showcasing the skills and products of women trained under MSDE schemes. Participants shared their success stories, exemplifying the transformative impact of skill training.

• Concluding Thoughts: The celebrations honored Rajmata Ahilyabai Holkar’s contributions and reaffirmed the commitment to empowering women as essential to building a robust and skilled India.

Conclusion:

The event encapsulated Rajmata Ahilyabai Holkar’s legacy, fostering recognition of her values in contemporary governance and women’s empowerment strategies. The government's ongoing commitment towards skill development and entrepreneurial support for women seeks to translate her ideals into actionable programs for future generations.

India has expressed significant concerns regarding the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) recent approval of an $800 million loan to Pakistan, emphasizing the potential for misuse of these funds. This funding is intended to enhance fiscal sustainability and improve public financial management within Pakistan. India's apprehensions are rooted in the country's rising defense expenditure, a decreasing tax-to-GDP ratio, and insufficient progress in macroeconomic reforms.

Key Points:

• India's Opposition: India has vehemently opposed any financial support to Pakistan from ADB due to fears of fund misuse.
• Declining Tax Revenue: Pakistan's tax collection as a percentage of GDP fell from 13.0% in FY18 to 9.2% in FY23. This figure is considerably lower than the Asia and Pacific average of approximately 19.0%.
• Increase in Defense Spending: Despite the decline in tax revenues, Pakistan has substantially increased its defense budget during the same period.
• ADB's Approval Timing: The ADB approved the loan on June 1, 2023, just three days after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with ADB President Masato Kanda, leading to speculation about the influence of Indian leadership.
• Congress Party Commentary: The Indian National Congress highlighted the proximity of Modi’s meeting with ADB leadership to the loan approval, suggesting a lack of influence from the Modi government on the ADB.
• Expectations from ADB: Indian government sources expect ADB management to implement safeguards to prevent possible misuse of the funds, given Pakistan's history of inadequate economic governance exacerbated by military intervention in economic matters.
• Pakistan's Economic Challenges: The entrenched interference of Pakistan’s military in civilian governance has historically led to policy inconsistencies and inefficiencies in economic reforms.
• Security and Economic Risks: India points out that Pakistan’s cross-border terrorism policy negatively impacts regional security and increases macroeconomic risks, which can also pose enterprise risks for ADB.

In summary, India's concerns stem from a comprehensive analysis of Pakistan's fiscal health, highlighting how rising defense spending amidst declining tax revenues raises alarms over the likelihood of any financial assistance from international organizations being diverted away from intended developmental objectives.

Summary of the Ministerial Roundtable on Disaster Risk Reduction Financing in Geneva

On June 4, 2025, India's Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister, Dr. P. K. Mishra, addressed a Ministerial Roundtable on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Financing in Geneva. This event focused on the financing mechanisms necessary to enhance disaster resilience and was convened by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR).

Key Points:

• Growth of India's DRR Financing System:

  • Dr. Mishra highlighted India's DRR financing mechanism as one of the largest nationally anchored systems globally. Initial allocations from Finance Commissions were INR 60 million (approximately USD 0.7 million), which has escalated to over INR 2.32 trillion (about USD 28 billion) under the 15th Finance Commission.

• Principles of India's DRR Financing:

  • The national approach is founded on four principles:
    1. Dedicated financial windows for preparedness, mitigation, relief, and recovery.
    2. Prioritization of needs for affected and vulnerable communities.
    3. Accessibility of financial resources across all governance levels (central, state, local).
    4. Accountability, transparency, and measurable outcomes for all expenditures.

• National Ownership and International Support:

  • Dr. Mishra stressed that disaster risk financing should be nationally owned, with supportive international cooperation. He noted that each country ought to tailor its systems to fit its governance and fiscal context while advocating for global benchmarks to enhance effectiveness.

• Financial Mechanisms and Tools:

  • Acknowledging the necessity for diverse financial instruments, Dr. Mishra called for the development of mechanisms such as risk pooling and insurance strategies, guided by local affordability and fiscal sustainability.

• Global Financial Mechanism:

  • A critical gap identified by Dr. Mishra was the lack of a dedicated international financial mechanism to support DRR financing system establishment. He proposed the creation of a global facility that could offer catalytic funding, technical assistance, and promote knowledge exchange.

• Call for Action:

  • Dr. Mishra urged participants at the Ministerial Roundtable to move from statements of intent to actionable, time-bound outcomes, reinforcing India's commitment to fostering a framework that is driven by national priorities yet supported internationally.

• Bilateral Discussions:

  • During the meeting, Dr. Mishra also met with Kenya's Cabinet Secretary to discuss enhancing India-Kenya cooperation on disaster risk reduction, focusing on best practices and collaborative efforts in DRR.

Conclusion:

The discussions held at the Ministerial Roundtable highlighted the integral role of structured disaster risk financing as a cornerstone of national resilience frameworks. The strong call for a global mechanism indicates a concerted effort towards robust international collaboration in addressing the vulnerabilities posed by disaster risks globally. India underlined its leadership role and the necessity for a cooperative approach to enhancing disaster risk reduction strategies.