The mid-year UN climate conference took place in Bonn, Germany, on June 16, 2025, with Simon Stiell, the UN Climate Chief, discussing the global response to climate change amidst ongoing challenges. Despite a year characterized by negative developments, the conference focused on signaling positive actions from major economies towards addressing climate change and achieving the 1.5 degrees Celsius target.
Key Highlights from the Conference:
Positive Developments: Stiell pointed out that significant economies are initiating substantial climate actions, which provide hope that keeping global temperature rise below 1.5 degrees Celsius remains feasible.
Call for Cooperation: He emphasized the critical necessity for nations to cooperate as climate impacts worsen globally, underscoring the importance of joint efforts in the face of adversity.
Global Goal on Adaptation: A key aim at the Bonn talks is to finalize indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation. This is essential for tracking progress and ensuring effective strategies are implemented.
Climate Finance Targets: The conference discussed the need to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 to assist developing nations in combating climate change. This follows the agreement reached during COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, to triple climate finance to $300 billion per year by 2035.
Baku to Belem Roadmap: Countries are expected to initiate discussions on the roadmap that will facilitate achieving climate finance goals, thereby ensuring necessary funding for adaptation initiatives.
Mitigation Work Programme: As established at COP26 in Glasgow, the aim is to use the Bonn session to build momentum for increasing mitigation efforts that address climate urgency.
Outcomes from COP28: At COP28 in Dubai, the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake were completed, wherein nations committed to tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency improvements by 2030, while transitioning from fossil fuel dependence. Attention to these commitments remains a priority in Bonn.
Geopolitical Context and Challenges: The Bonn talks are occurring against a backdrop of geopolitical tensions, military conflicts, and the recent historically significant challenges such as the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, which have undermined trust among nations and complicated collective climate action.
World Meteorological Organization Warning: A pressing warning from the organization stated that there is a 70% likelihood that the global average temperature will surpass pre-industrial levels by over 1.5 degrees Celsius between 2025 and 2029.
Focus by Brazil: As the host of this year's UN climate summit, Brazil has indicated a concentrated effort on developing indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation, facilitating dialogue on Global Stocktake findings, and implementing the Just Transition Work Programme aimed at equitable transitions away from fossil fuels.
Overall, the Bonn climate conference endeavors to set the groundwork for actionable climate strategies and mobilize crucial climate finance to mitigate adverse impacts, thus aligning global efforts towards meaningful climate action.
Important Points:
- Simon Stiell describes some global economies taking positive action towards climate change.
- The Bonn talks aim to finalize indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation.
- Target to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 established.
- Climate finance to triple to $300 billion by 2035 agreed at COP29.
- A roadmap for achieving climate finance goals is under discussion.
- Emphasis on the Mitigation Work Programme to enhance climate action.
- COP28 outcomes led to commitments on energy transitions by 2030.
- Ongoing geopolitical issues complicate climate cooperation.
- Warning from the WMO about temperature exceeding critical thresholds within the next decade.
- Brazil focuses on adaptation indicators and fair transitions in the upcoming UN climate summit.

The mid-year UN climate conference took place in Bonn, Germany, on June 16, 2025, with Simon Stiell, the UN Climate Chief, discussing the global response to climate change amidst ongoing challenges. Despite a year characterized by negative developments, the conference focused on signaling positive actions from major economies towards addressing climate change and achieving the 1.5 degrees Celsius target.
Key Highlights from the Conference:
Positive Developments: Stiell pointed out that significant economies are initiating substantial climate actions, which provide hope that keeping global temperature rise below 1.5 degrees Celsius remains feasible.
Call for Cooperation: He emphasized the critical necessity for nations to cooperate as climate impacts worsen globally, underscoring the importance of joint efforts in the face of adversity.
Global Goal on Adaptation: A key aim at the Bonn talks is to finalize indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation. This is essential for tracking progress and ensuring effective strategies are implemented.
Climate Finance Targets: The conference discussed the need to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 to assist developing nations in combating climate change. This follows the agreement reached during COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, to triple climate finance to $300 billion per year by 2035.
Baku to Belem Roadmap: Countries are expected to initiate discussions on the roadmap that will facilitate achieving climate finance goals, thereby ensuring necessary funding for adaptation initiatives.
Mitigation Work Programme: As established at COP26 in Glasgow, the aim is to use the Bonn session to build momentum for increasing mitigation efforts that address climate urgency.
Outcomes from COP28: At COP28 in Dubai, the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake were completed, wherein nations committed to tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency improvements by 2030, while transitioning from fossil fuel dependence. Attention to these commitments remains a priority in Bonn.
Geopolitical Context and Challenges: The Bonn talks are occurring against a backdrop of geopolitical tensions, military conflicts, and the recent historically significant challenges such as the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, which have undermined trust among nations and complicated collective climate action.
World Meteorological Organization Warning: A pressing warning from the organization stated that there is a 70% likelihood that the global average temperature will surpass pre-industrial levels by over 1.5 degrees Celsius between 2025 and 2029.
Focus by Brazil: As the host of this year's UN climate summit, Brazil has indicated a concentrated effort on developing indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation, facilitating dialogue on Global Stocktake findings, and implementing the Just Transition Work Programme aimed at equitable transitions away from fossil fuels.
Overall, the Bonn climate conference endeavors to set the groundwork for actionable climate strategies and mobilize crucial climate finance to mitigate adverse impacts, thus aligning global efforts towards meaningful climate action.
Important Points:
- Simon Stiell describes some global economies taking positive action towards climate change.
- The Bonn talks aim to finalize indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation.
- Target to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 established.
- Climate finance to triple to $300 billion by 2035 agreed at COP29.
- A roadmap for achieving climate finance goals is under discussion.
- Emphasis on the Mitigation Work Programme to enhance climate action.
- COP28 outcomes led to commitments on energy transitions by 2030.
- Ongoing geopolitical issues complicate climate cooperation.
- Warning from the WMO about temperature exceeding critical thresholds within the next decade.
- Brazil focuses on adaptation indicators and fair transitions in the upcoming UN climate summit.

NHAI Releases Second Sustainability Report
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has released its second Sustainability Report for the fiscal year 2023-24, showcasing its commitment to environmental sustainability and adherence to the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework. The report aims to align with India's environmental objectives and the Mission LiFE initiative, which emphasizes the importance of a sustainable lifestyle.
Key Highlights from NHAI Sustainability Report 2023-24:
Release and Objective: The Sustainability Report was unveiled by Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Shri Nitin Gadkari, reflecting NHAI’s efforts to incorporate sustainable practices in their operations.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: NHAI reported a remarkable improvement in its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Intensity, reducing it from 1.0 MTCO2e/km to 0.8 MTCO2e/km, despite a 20% increase in National Highway construction during FY 2023-24.
Circular Economy and Material Reuse: The report indicates NHAI's strong focus on promoting a circular economy. In FY 2023-24, it utilized over 631 lakh metric tonnes of recycled materials, including fly-ash, plastic waste, and reclaimed asphalt in highway projects.
Tree Plantation Initiatives: NHAI has planted over 56 lakh saplings in FY 2023-24 and 67.47 lakh saplings in 2024-25, contributing to over 4.69 crore total saplings planted since 2015, under the Green Highways Policy. This effort has enhanced carbon sinks along highways.
Water Body Conservation: Under the Amrit Sarovar Mission, NHAI has developed 467 water bodies, which has rejuvenated local water sources and provided approximately 2.4 crore cubic meters of soil for highway construction, leading to savings of around ₹16,690 crore.
Water Use Reduction: The water use intensity in water-stressed regions reduced by 74% compared to the previous reporting period.
Eco-friendly Wildlife Management: NHAI has integrated best practices to mitigate wildlife impacts from linear infrastructure, thereby reducing man-animal conflict in project areas.
Occupational Health and Safety: NHAI's commitment to worker welfare is evident from the report, indicating that 100% of direct and contract workers are covered under the Occupational Health and Safety Management Framework, with zero incidents of workplace discrimination.
Technological Advancements: NHAI has implemented an AI-powered platform, 'Data Lake 3.0,' which improved project management efficiency and led to the resolution of 155 conciliation claims, saving an estimated ₹25,680 crore.
FASTag Penetration: A penetration rate of 98.5% of FASTag has been achieved, significantly reducing congestion and vehicle emissions at toll plazas, thereby lowering the overall carbon footprint.
Sustainable Infrastructure Development: The report emphasizes NHAI's strategic approach to balance rapid infrastructure growth with environmental sustainability, implementing renewable energy practices and effective waste management strategies.
Availability of Report: The complete report can be accessed on NHAI's official website for detailed insights into its sustainability practices.
This extensive documentation by NHAI aims to provide transparency regarding its sustainable initiatives and sets a roadmap for future actions that align infrastructure development with environmental stewardship.
Important Points:
- Release of the second Sustainability Report by NHAI for FY 2023-24 emphasizing commitment towards environmental sustainability.
- Significant reduction in GHG Emissions Intensity (1.0 MTCO2e/km to 0.8 MTCO2e/km) despite increased highway construction.
- Utilization of 631 lakh metric tonnes of recycled materials in national highway projects.
- Over 4.69 crore saplings planted under the Green Highways Policy since 2015.
- Development of 467 water bodies under the Amrit Sarovar Mission, saving ₹16,690 crore.
- 74% reduction in water use intensity in water-stressed regions.
- Full coverage of OHS for direct and contract workers with no discrimination reported.
- Savings of ₹25,680 crore through AI-driven project management.
- 98.5% penetration of FASTag to reduce vehicular emissions.
- Aiming to balance fast infrastructure growth with eco-friendly practices.
Environment and Ecology

Diversity of Grassland Birds Found
The survey conducted in Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve has resulted in the identification of 43 grassland bird species, marking a significant milestone in the conservation of avian biodiversity in India's Brahmaputra floodplains.
Key Highlights:
Survey Duration and Team: The survey took place from March 18 to May 25, 2025, and involved a collaboration of forest officials, ornithologists, scientists, and conservationists.
Bird Species Identified:
- A total of 43 grassland bird species were documented across Kaziranga’s wildlife divisions.
- Notable findings include:
- Critically Endangered: Bengal florican
- Endangered: Finn’s weaver, swamp grass babbler
- Vulnerable Species: Black-breasted parrotbill, marsh babbler, swamp francolin, Jerdon’s babbler, slender-billed babbler, bristled grassbird.
Successful Breeding: The Finn’s weaver, also known locally as tukura chorai, is successfully breeding, indicating the health of the grassland ecosystem. This bird is recognized for its intricate nesting abilities.
Significant Area: Kaziranga National Park spans 1,174 square kilometers, comprising a mixture of grasslands, forests, and wetlands. This diversity contributes to its status as a critical habitat for various avian species.
Research Methodology: For the first time, passive acoustic recorders were used for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of bird species, particularly those that are elusive. This technology greatly enhanced the accuracy of species detection.
Importance of Findings:
- The study revealed critical grassland habitats within Kaziranga that support populations of threatened and endemic bird species.
- Additionally, the findings allow for comparisons of grassland bird diversity in Kaziranga with that of dry grasslands in other Indian states like Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Director's Insights: Sonali Ghosh, director of Kaziranga National Park, noted the lack of prior surveys on wet grasslands in India, enhancing the importance of this study.
Conclusion: The report was made public on July 14, 2025, emphasizing the need for ongoing conservation efforts for grassland-dependent bird species in the context of rapid environmental changes and habitat loss.
This survey not only documents existing bird populations but also contributes to broader conservation strategies aimed at protecting diverse habitats within the park, aligning with national biodiversity agendas and sustainable development goals.
Environment and Ecology

India's Commitment to Green Future
Summary:
On July 15, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed his commendation for India's dedication to establishing a green and sustainable future. His remarks were in response to a post by Union Minister Pralhad Joshi on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter).
The Prime Minister's statement reinforces the ongoing initiatives and policies that aim to enhance environmental sustainability and combat climate change in India. This aligns with India's broader commitments under various international frameworks, including the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasize sustainable practices and environmental protection.
Key Highlights:
- Date of the Statement: July 15, 2025.
- Prime Minister: Narendra Modi.
- Platform: Made in response to a post on X by Union Minister Pralhad Joshi.
- Focus on Sustainability: The statement reiterates India's efforts towards building a green and sustainable future.
- International Commitments: The emphasis on a sustainable future aligns with India's commitments under the Paris Agreement which aims to limit global warming, and the SDGs which pursue a sustainable path towards development.
By highlighting India's continuing initiatives toward sustainability, the Prime Minister's comments reflect a policy direction that prioritizes environmental consciousness alongside economic development. The steady commitment can be viewed in the context of various government schemes aimed at renewable energy, forest conservation, and pollution reduction, which are critical to addressing the challenges posed by climate change.
Important Points:
- PM Narendra Modi praises India's commitment to sustainability.
- His remarks are in response to a Union Minister's post on X.
- The statement aligns with India's international obligations on climate action.
- Reinforces ongoing government initiatives towards green policies.
- Highlights the importance of environmental sustainability in national development.
Environment and Ecology

Delhi-Mumbai Expressway Wildlife Overpasses
The construction of India's first large-scale animal overpasses as part of the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway project marks a significant advancement in balancing infrastructure development and wildlife conservation. Below is a comprehensive summary of the project's details and implications:
Location and Purpose: Five mound-like animal overpasses, along with a 1.2-km animal underpass, are situated within the buffer zone of Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, specifically between Bundi’s Hardeoganj village and the Major Bridge on the Mej River. These structures aim to facilitate safe passage for both wildlife and vehicles, thereby mitigating the risks posed by the expressway to local fauna.
Project Implementation: The overpasses are part of the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, which stretches approximately 1,386 km and is a significant infrastructure initiative executed by Larsen & Toubro under the National Highway Authority of India's (NHAI) Bharatmala Pariyojana project.
Design Features: Each overpass measures 500 meters and has been designed to allow animals to traverse without being deterred by human activity. The structures will be covered with grass and shrubs to ensure they blend seamlessly into the landscape. Additional noise-reducing measures include using noise barriers on the expressway’s boundary walls and Polyurethane mats on tunnel walls to minimize the disruption caused by traffic sounds.
Environmental Compliance: Given the project's location in an eco-sensitive zone, stringent environmental regulations were adhered to. This included relocating a 765 kV high-tension line that intersected the animal corridor and engaging in continuous coordination with forest authorities to monitor wildlife during construction.
Monitoring Measures: The project includes the installation of cameras every kilometer for tracking animal movement, showcasing a proactive approach to ensure the safety of wildlife during both construction and operation phases.
Project Timeline and Progress: The stretch of the expressway featuring these facilities was completed in December 2023, with the overpasses scheduled to be operational within five months. Despite initial plans for a March 2023 completion, the overall project deadline is now pushed to October 2023, with 82% of construction reportedly finished.
Economic Significance: The expressway is designed to reduce travel distances between Delhi and the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Terminal (JNPT) by approximately 180 km, facilitating a travel time decrease of up to 50%. It enhances connectivity across several states, including Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, and aims to achieve a target of one lakh Passenger Car Units (PCU) within the next 4-5 years.
Impact on Wildlife: Previous interactions with local wildlife during the construction phase included encounters with tigers and bears, indicating the necessity of designing infrastructure considerate of ecological habitats.
In summary, the construction of animal overpasses on the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway highlights a progressive step towards integrating wildlife conservation with infrastructure development, ensuring that key wildlife habitats are preserved while enhancing transportation links across India.
Important Points:
- First large-scale animal overpasses in India on a 12-km stretch of Delhi-Mumbai Expressway.
- Construction handled by L&T as part of the NHAI's Bharatmala Pariyojana project.
- Overpasses and underpass specifically designed for safe animal passage.
- Environmental considerations included high-tension line relocation and wildlife monitoring.
- Project completion expected by October 2023, with 82% of work finished as of now.
- The expressway aims to reduce travel distances and times between major economic hubs.
Environment and Ecology

Heavy Rainfall Causes Displacement in Tripura
On Tuesday in South Tripura district, nearly 380 individuals from 116 families became homeless due to persistent rainfall, according to the State Emergency Operation Centre. The affected individuals have been accommodated in seven relief camps established in Belonia. Although no fatalities or serious injuries were reported recently, a death by drowning in West Tripura was noted on July 4.
Key observations from the recent updates include:
River Levels: The water levels in the Muhuri River and Lawgang River in Belonia exceeded danger and expected flood levels, prompting concern from disaster management authorities. The Muhuri River recorded a height of 24.80 meters and the Lawgang River reached 21.90 meters at 6 PM. The Bijoy River in the Sepahijala district was also above its normal level.
Weather Forecast: The Meteorological Department anticipates light to moderate rainfall across most parts of the state, warning of heavy rainfall (7-20 cm) in certain areas and issuing alerts for extreme rainfall in South Tripura. Additional rainfall is predicted for Gomati, Sepahijala, and West Tripura districts through Thursday.
Historical Context of Flooding: The flooding event from the previous year had devastating consequences, resulting in 38 casualties and affecting over 17 lakh individuals, with estimated damages of approximately Rs. 15,000 crore to various sectors such as road connectivity, power transmission, agriculture, and public infrastructure.
Government Response and Preparedness: In anticipation of potential floods, the Tripura Government is conducting early preparedness mock drills to mitigate damage. A full-scale flood and landslide response drill is set to take place in Agartala on Wednesday, aimed at ensuring readiness for emergencies. Chief Minister Manik Saha announced plans to improve the navigability of the River Howrah, which has posed risks during prior flooding.
Mock Drills and Collaboration: The forthcoming mock drill will operate in 60 locations across the state and will simulate various emergency scenarios, including floods and landslides, involving multiple agencies such as the fire services, police, and military units. The District Magistrate of West Tripura highlighted Agartala's vulnerability and stressed the importance of these drills.
Important Points:
- 380 people from 116 families are homeless in South Tripura due to rainfall.
- Seven relief camps have been set up in Belonia for those affected.
- Previous year's floods resulted in 38 deaths and affected 17 lakh people.
- Flood damage last year estimated at Rs. 15,000 crore.
- Current river levels: Muhuri River at 24.80m; Lawgang River at 21.90m, exceeding danger levels.
- IMD has issued alerts for heavy rainfall (7-20 cm) in South Tripura district.
- Tripura Government is conducting mock drills for flood preparedness.
- Full-scale drills scheduled at 12 locations in Agartala on Wednesday.
- Multi-agency collaboration will be involved in mock drills, with a focus on rescue and evacuation processes.
Environment and Ecology

India Achieves 50% Renewable Power Capacity
India has marked a significant milestone in its commitment to renewable energy by achieving 50% of its installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources, five years ahead of the 2030 target set in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This accomplishment is a testament to the nation's proactive stance on climate action, implemented under the guidance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Key Highlights:
- Milestone Achievement: India reached 50% non-fossil fuel electricity capacity by June 30, 2025.
- Government Leadership: The Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy, Pralhad Joshi, praised this accomplishment, highlighting it as a proud moment and a model for global climate solutions.
- Policy Initiatives: This progress is attributed to a series of policy-driven initiatives including:
- Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM): Supports farmers with solar pumps, enhancing energy security in agriculture.
- PM Surya Ghar Scheme: Launched in 2024, this program targets one crore household installations of rooftop solar systems.
- Solar Park and Wind-Solar Hybrid Development: Key investments that have enabled utility-scale renewable installations.
Renewable Energy Statistics (as of June 30, 2025):
Total Installed Capacity:
- Thermal: 242.04 GW (49.92%)
- Large Hydro: 49.38 GW (10.19%)
- Renewable Energy (RE): 184.62 GW (38.08%)
- Nuclear: 8.78 GW (1.81%)
- Total: 484.82 GW
Fossil vs Non-Fossil Energy Share:
- Non-Fossil Fuel (including RE, Large Hydro, Nuclear): 242.78 GW (50.08%)
Economic and Environmental Impact:
- Renewable energy initiatives have not only decarbonized the power sector but have also bolstered employment, improved public health, and increased rural incomes.
- The bioenergy sector, previously marginalized, is now pivotal for rural livelihoods and contributes significantly to energy generation, thus supporting circular economy objectives.
India’s Global Positioning:
- India stands out among G20 countries for its commitment to meeting and potentially exceeding climate targets.
- It advocates for climate equity and sustainable lifestyles at international forums such as the G20 and COP meetings.
- This achievement strengthens India's position as a leader in the global clean energy arena, signaling that economic growth and environmental stewardship can coexist.
Future Directions:
- The focus now shifts towards enhancing quality, equity, and resilience in energy access.
- Goals:
- To double per capita clean electricity consumption, particularly in underserved areas.
- Develop a digitally integrated electricity grid that accommodates high levels of renewable penetration and efficient demand management.
- Expand Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and pumped hydro for reliable power availability.
- Promote the circular economy in energy infrastructure, particularly for solar panels and wind turbines.
- Artificial Intelligence and Digitalisation: These will play crucial roles in optimizing renewable energy systems, aiding demand forecasting, and managing grid operations effectively, while also raising cybersecurity concerns that must be addressed.
Conclusion:
India’s achievement of 50% non-fossil fuel electricity capacity not only illustrates its ambitious and innovative energy policies but also affirms that developmental goals and decarbonization can synergistically advance. As India aims for 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030 and strives for net-zero emissions by 2070, it remains committed to a sustainable and inclusive energy future, using technology as a catalyst for progress.
Important Sentences:
- India achieved 50% clean power capacity five years ahead of the 2030 target under its NDCs.
- This accomplishment reflects successful policy design and implementation, including PM-KUSUM and PM Surya Ghar schemes.
- Renewable energy has supported rural livelihoods, healthcare, and employment generation.
- India advocates for climate equity on international platforms, enhancing its leadership in clean energy.
- The roadmap ahead emphasizes digital integration, renewable storage solutions, and innovative technologies like AI.
Environment and Ecology

India Achieves 50% Clean Energy Milestone
India has achieved a significant milestone, reaching 50% of its installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources, five years ahead of its target under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) established by the Paris Agreement. This accomplishment highlights India's commitment to climate action and sustainable development, showcasing that the clean energy transition is gaining momentum under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Key Highlights:
Achievement Overview:
- India reached 50% non-fossil fuel electricity capacity as of July 14, 2025.
- This milestone is five years ahead of the 2030 target.
Government Leadership:
- Union Minister of New and Renewable Energy, Pralhad Joshi, emphasized this achievement as a source of national pride that showcases India’s leadership in climate solutions.
Policy Framework:
- A multitude of flagship programs facilitated this transition, including:
- PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan): Provides solar pumps to farmers, enhancing energy security in agriculture.
- PM Surya Ghar (Muft Bijli Yojana): Aims for rooftop solar accessibility to one crore households.
- Solar Park Development and National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy: Groundwork for sustainable energy generation.
- A multitude of flagship programs facilitated this transition, including:
Economic and Social Benefits:
- The rise of the bioenergy sector has significantly contributed to rural income and employment.
- Clean energy initiatives have led to enhanced energy access, reduced air pollution, and improved public health outcomes.
Global Context:
- India, despite having one of the lowest per capita emissions, is on track to meet ambitious climate goals, aligning its policies with those discussed in G20 and COP meetings.
- India underscores the importance of climate equity and sustainable lifestyles on international platforms, reinforcing its role as a leader in clean energy.
Future Directions:
- The emphasis now shifts towards advancing quality, equity, and resilience in energy transition.
- Goals include doubling per capita clean electricity consumption, particularly in underserved regions, and enhancing the robustness of the electricity grid to manage high renewable energy penetration.
- Investments in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and promotion of circular economy practices in the renewable energy sector (solar panels, wind turbines, and battery lifecycle) are essential.
- Accelerated development of green hydrogen as an industrial fuel is also a priority.
Technology Integration:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) is identified as crucial for enhancing energy infrastructure, including predictive maintenance and automated grid management.
- There is an increased emphasis on ensuring cybersecurity in the energy sector as it becomes more reliant on data and digital processes.
Installed Electricity Capacity as of June 30, 2025:
Total Capacity: 484.82 GW
- Thermal: 242.04 GW (49.92%)
- Nuclear: 8.78 GW (1.81%)
- Large Hydro: 49.38 GW (10.19%)
- Renewable Energy (RE): 184.62 GW (38.08%)
Fossil vs Non-Fossil Share:
- Total Non-Fossil Capacity: 242.78 GW (50.08%)
- Thermal Capacity (Fossil): 242.04 GW (49.92%)
Conclusion:
India's clean energy milestone is a testament to its ambitious vision for sustainability, illustrating that economic growth can coexist with environmental stewardship. The target of 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 exemplifies this commitment. As India continues to innovate and enhance its energy policies, it sets a global benchmark for clean energy transition.
Environment and Ecology

Otter Population Threatens Residents and Farmers
The article discusses the alarming increase in the population of otters along the Meenachil river and its tributaries in Kottayam, Kerala. The rise in otter activity and incidents of bites has raised concerns among local residents about safety and has adversely impacted local fish farming.
Key Points:
- Otter Population Surge: The number of otters in the Meenachil river has reached a level that is causing public fear due to frequent bite incidents reported by local residents.
- Critical Incidents: A tragic incident in Velur involved the death of Nisani (53), allegedly due to a heart attack after being bitten by an otter, which has intensified local fears over interactions with otters in daily activities such as washing clothes.
- Areas Affected: Regions impacted by the otter population include Vijayapuram, Kumarakom, Aymanam, Arpookkara, Thiruvathukkal, Kottayam town, and Thazhathangadi.
- Impact on Aquaculture: Fish farmers have faced considerable losses due to otters breaching protective nets and consuming significant amounts of fish. The otters often attack in groups.
- Increased Visibility: Once rare, sightings of otters have become common along certain stretches of the river, particularly between Poovathumood and Vattamood bridges and around Parampuzha.
- Conservation Status: Otters are classified as a “vulnerable” species on the IUCN Red List, with poaching being illegal and punishable under wildlife conservation laws.
Expert Commentary:
- Predation and Conservation: The rapid increase in the otter population is attributed to the removal of natural predators, exacerbated by stricter wildlife conservation laws that ended hunting practices in the region.
- Habitat Conditions: Otters thrive in environments with dense vegetation along riverbanks, marshes, and rocky areas.
Proposed Solutions:
- Trapping for Control: Experts recommend capturing and relocating otters as a viable solution for controlling population growth, despite manipulation of habitats being a temporary deterrent.
- Official Recognition: Local leaders, like Aby Iype from the Karshaka Congress, have called for the government to classify otters as vermin to enable better management and control strategies for populations that threaten human safety and livelihoods involved in aquaculture.
Date and Context:
- The article was published on July 12, 2025, reflecting increasing challenges faced by residents and farmers due to a burgeoning population of otters in Kottayam, reinforcing the necessity for government intervention.
In summary, the otter population surge along Meenachil River poses significant challenges to local communities, causing fear for personal safety and economic losses for fish farmers. The situation demands prompt government action and effective population control measures to mitigate risks associated with this vulnerable species.
Environment and Ecology

Innovative Wildlife Overpasses on Expressway
Summary of the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway Initiative for Wildlife Protection
Project Overview:
- The Delhi-Mumbai Expressway features five innovative animal overpasses located within the buffer zone of the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve.
- These structures, which are 500 meters long and connected by the road, are designed to facilitate the safe movement of wildlife and vehicles without disrupting either.
- This initiative is part of the 1,386-km-long Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, implemented by Larsen & Toubro (L&T) under the Bharatmala Pariyojana project initiated by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).
- The overpasses, along with a 1.2-km-long animal underpass, will be opened to the public within the next five months.
Design and Features:
- The mounds will be camouflaged with grass and shrubs, contributing to the seamless integration of wildlife passage with the expressway.
- Additional design features include noise barriers on the boundary wall and specially constructed sound-dampening Polyurethane (PU) mats on tunnel walls to reduce vehicular noise, which can be detrimental to animal behavior.
- The boundary wall is strategically built to be four meters high, supplemented with a two-meter noise barrier to minimize sound pollution.
Challenges and Compliance:
- The project encountered significant challenges, particularly in relocating a 765 kV high-tension power line that traversed the sensitive ecological area.
- Multiple wildlife encounters, including bears and tigers, highlighted the importance of ensuring safety for both animals and workers during construction.
- Strict compliance with environmental regulations and continuous coordination with forest authorities were mandatory during the project's development. Cameras were installed every kilometer to monitor animal movement.
Project Timeline and Current Status:
- As of December 2023, the expressway construction has reached substantial completion, with 82 percent of the project finished. However, the overall deadline has been revised from March 2023 to October 2023.
- Future traffic projections anticipate around one lakh Passenger Car Units (PCUs) utilizing this section within the next four to five years.
Economic Significance:
- The Delhi-Mumbai Expressway is a critical infrastructure project expected to enhance connectivity between significant economic hubs across multiple states, including Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
- The expressway will reduce the distance between Delhi and the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Terminal (JNPT) near Mumbai by approximately 180 km, translating into a travel time reduction of up to 50%.
Notable Remarks:
- The initial project plans made in 2020 did not include these animal overpasses; however, the NHAI incorporated feedback from the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) to improve ecological considerations within the infrastructure design.
- Pardeep Atri, regional officer of NHAI in Jaipur, mentioned the delicate balance required to navigate challenges posed by the eco-sensitive zone and the responsibility to safeguard wildlife during construction operations.
Key Points:
- Innovative Design: Five animal overpasses aimed at wildlife safety on the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway.
- Environmental Measures: Sound-dampening technologies and camouflage strategies for overpasses.
- Project Compliance: Strict adherence to environmental laws and extensive monitoring of wildlife.
- Timeline: Completion expected five months post-December 2023, with a new deadline for the overall project set to October 2023.
- Economic Impact: Significant reduction in distance and travel time between Delhi and Mumbai, facilitating better connectivity among major Indian states.
Environment and Ecology

Wildlife Overpasses on Delhi-Mumbai Expressway
Summary of the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway Project and its Environmental Considerations
The Delhi-Mumbai Expressway project entails a crucial development initiative in India, prominently featuring structures designed to safeguard wildlife along a significant stretch that traverses the buffer zone of the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve.
Key Highlights:
Location and Structure: The expressway includes five large-scale mounds—marked as animal overpasses—spanning a combined length of 500 meters. These structures are strategically positioned near Bundi's Hardeoganj village and the Mej river bridge to permit safe wildlife passage while allowing vehicular traffic.
Project Overview:
- Extent of the Expressway: The entire Delhi-Mumbai Expressway is a 1,386-km-long project executed under the National Highway Authority of India's (NHAI) Bharatmala Pariyojana.
- Project Partner: Larsen & Toubro (L&T) is the contractor responsible for the construction.
Wildlife Considerations:
- The animal overpasses are complemented by a 1.2-km-long underpass to enhance wildlife safety.
- Recommendations from the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) led to the integration of these structures, which were not part of the original 2020 design.
- The mounds will be covered with grass and shrubs to blend with the natural landscape, promoting use by local fauna.
Traffic Noise Mitigation:
- The project features a four-meter-high boundary wall augmented with two meters of noise barriers to limit traffic noise, thus minimizing potential stress on wildlife which could disrupt their natural behaviors such as feeding and mating.
- Polyurethane (PU) mats are integrated into the tunnel walls to further decrease sound pollution.
Environmental Compliance and Monitoring:
- The project is situated in an ecologically sensitive zone, necessitating rigorous adherence to environmental regulations.
- Wildlife monitoring involves the installation of cameras every kilometer to oversee animal movements and ensure their safety during and post-construction.
Challenges Encountered:
- One major challenge was the relocation of a 765 kV high-tension line that crossed through the wildlife sanctuary zone, requiring careful planning to protect both animals and workers.
- Construction faced the reality of encountering diverse species, including bears and tigers, underscoring the ecological sensitivity of the site.
Project Progress and Economic Impact:
- As of December 2023, this specific stretch of the expressway has been completed, with plans to open the animal overpasses to the public within the next five months.
- The NHAI aims to achieve one lakh Passenger Car Units (PCUs) in the section over the subsequent four to five years.
- The expressway promises to significantly reduce travel distance by about 180 km and cut travel time by up to 50%, thereby linking major economic hubs across Northern and Western India.
Completion Status:
- Presently, 82% of the expressway is reported as complete, with the overall project deadline revised from March 2023 to October 2023.
Conclusion:
The integration of wildlife-friendly structures within the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway project exemplifies a balanced approach toward infrastructure development that considers environmental sustainability and conservation. This initiative not only enhances connectivity between critical economic regions but also reflects a commitment to preserving India's rich biodiversity, particularly in sensitive areas like the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve.
Important Points:
- First large-scale animal overpasses in India along a major expressway.
- Collaboration with the Wildlife Institute of India to enhance wildlife safety.
- Significant noise mitigation strategies implemented to protect animal behaviors.
- Completion of 82% of the expressway, targeting operational functionality within five months.
- Project aims to improve connectivity and reduce travel time across multiple states.
Environment and Ecology

Incessant Rainfall Causes Homelessness in Tripura
Summary of the News Article on Flooding in Tripura
On Tuesday, nearly 380 individuals from 116 families were displaced due to continuous rainfall in South Tripura, as reported by the State Emergency Operation Centre. The displaced residents are currently housed in seven relief camps in Belonia district. Fortunately, no fatalities or injuries have been reported from the recent weather events, though one drowning incident occurred on July 4 in West Tripura.
Key Facts:
- Approximately 380 people from 116 families have been rendered homeless due to rainfall in South Tripura.
- Displaced individuals are being accommodated in seven relief camps in Belonia.
- One drowning death was confirmed in West Tripura on July 4.
The meteorological conditions have led to the water levels of nearby rivers rising dangerously. The Muhuri River is reported to have exceeded the danger level, reaching 24.80 meters, while the Lawgang River was reported at 21.90 meters as of 6 PM, both indicating potential flooding risks. The Bijoy River in Sepahijala district is also flowing above its bed level.
Hydrological Observations:
- Muhuri River: Recorded at 24.80 meters, above the danger threshold.
- Lawgang River: Recorded at 21.90 meters, similarly above flood expectation levels.
- Bijoy River: Flowing above bed level, indicating rising hydraulic pressures in local river systems.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued warnings for heavy to very heavy rainfall (7-20 cm), particularly in the South Tripura district, predicting a continuation of such weather patterns into subsequent days. Areas in Gomati and Sepahijala districts are similarly at risk.
In terms of historical context, the floods of the previous year resulted in 38 deaths and affected over 1.7 million people, with damages estimated around ₹15,000 crore across various sectors, such as infrastructure, agriculture, and livestock.
Government Response:
- The Tripura Government has undertaken proactive flood preparedness initiatives, including a series of mock drills designed to enhance response capabilities for potential floods and landslides.
- A comprehensive flood and landslide response drill is set to take place in 12 locations in Agartala on Wednesday, aimed at improving emergency preparedness.
- The Chief Minister of Tripura, Manik Saha, indicated plans to improve the navigability of the River Howrah, which was significantly impacted during last year’s floods.
- The full-scale drill will take place across 60 locations in the state and will simulate various emergency scenarios involving various government and military agencies.
Involved Agencies:
- Drill participation will include the fire services, police, Public Works Department (PWD), Animal Resources Development Department (ARDD), fisheries department, Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and military personnel.
- District Magistrate Vishal Kumar highlighted Agartala's high vulnerability and the importance of these preparedness exercises.
Conclusion: The ongoing situation in Tripura underscores the need for preparedness against natural disasters, with significant past experiences shaping the response strategies put in place by the state government. The culmination of early warnings, structured drills, and preventative measures aims to mitigate future flood impacts within the region.
Important Points:
- 380 individuals from 116 families displaced due to rainfall.
- No casualties reported from recent weather; one drowning fatality confirmed on July 4.
- River levels recorded above danger thresholds; IMD forecasts heavy rainfall.
- Last year's floods caused extensive damage of ₹15,000 crore.
- Government initiatives include flood preparedness mock drills across the state.
Environment and Ecology

Heavy Rainfall Causes Displacement in Tripura
In South Tripura district, approximately 380 individuals from 116 families have been displaced due to incessant rainfall, as per the State Emergency Operation Centre's report released on Tuesday. These affected individuals have been provided shelter in seven relief camps established in Belonia. Fortunately, there have been no reports of deaths or injuries from this rainfall event, but it is notable that one drowning incident occurred in West Tripura district on July 4 during previous downpours.
Key updates regarding water levels indicate that the Muhuri River in Belonia has surpassed danger levels, recording at 24.80 meters as of 6 PM, above the expected flood threshold. Similarly, the Lawgang River is also above the expected flood level, measuring 21.90 meters at the same time. Additionally, the Bijoy River in Sepahijala district continues to flow above normal levels.
The Meteorological Department has forecasted light to moderate rain across most parts of Tripura, with specific warnings for heavy to very heavy rainfall (ranging from 7 to 20 cm) expected in certain areas of South Tripura on Wednesday, as well as the potential for thunderstorms or lightning. Heavy rainfall is also anticipated in the Gomati, Sepahijala, and West Tripura districts over the next few days.
Recalling the traumatic experience of last year's floods, which led to the loss of 38 lives and affected over 1.7 million residents, the Tripura government has proactively implemented a series of preparedness measures this year. The estimated financial impact from last year’s flood damage has been around ₹15,000 crore, affecting infrastructure across various sectors.
To enhance disaster readiness, the government is conducting mock drills across multiple locations in the state. A full-scale flood and landslide response training exercise is scheduled for Wednesday in 12 locations in Agartala. This drill is aimed at preparing for future emergencies, simulating various scenarios including floods and evacuations. Chief Minister Manik Saha has outlined plans to improve the navigability of the River Howrah, which had been a significant concern during last year's flooding.
The comprehensive mock drills will take place in 60 locations state-wide, involving coordination among various agencies such as the fire services, police, Public Works Department, Animal Resources Development Department, fisheries department, Border Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Assam Rifles, and military personnel. The District Magistrate of West Tripura, Vishal Kumar, has stressed the importance of this preparatory exercise, particularly given Agartala's vulnerability to such natural disasters.
Important Points:
- Displaced Population: 380 individuals from 116 families rendered homeless in South Tripura due to rainfall.
- Relief Camps: Seven relief camps established in Belonia to accommodate affected residents.
- Water Levels: Muhuri River at 24.80 meters and Lawgang River at 21.90 meters, both above danger levels.
- Forecast: IMD predicts heavy to very heavy rainfall (7-20 cm) with thunderstorms across various regions, especially South Tripura.
- Impact of Previous Floods: Last year's floods resulted in 38 fatalities and impacted over 1.7 million people, with damages estimated at ₹15,000 crore.
- Government Preparedness: Series of mock drills initiated, with a full-scale response drill scheduled in 12 locations in Agartala, set to simulate various disaster scenarios.
- Infrastructure Plans: The state government pursuing enhancement of navigability of the River Howrah following last year's flooding incidents.
- Coordination for Drill: Involves multiple agencies, highlighting the need for comprehensive disaster management.
Environment and Ecology

Rewa Airport Wall Collapse After Rain
Summary of the News Article Regarding Rewa Airport Wall Collapse
On a late Friday night, a section of the boundary wall at Rewa Airport in Madhya Pradesh collapsed due to heavy rainfall that had inundated the region. This incident raised concerns about the construction quality of the airport, which was inaugurated last year by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The severe weather resulted in overflowing rivers in the Rewa district that submerged low-lying urban areas, displacing several families. The high-velocity currents breached a significant portion of the airport’s perimeter wall, moving vehicles and causing motorcycles to float. Airport officials reported that around five feet of water flooded the premises during the incident.
Key Facts:
- Date of Incident: The wall collapsed late Friday night.
- Location: Rewa Airport, Madhya Pradesh.
- Cause: Intense rainfall leading to overflowing rivers.
- Impact: Displacement of families in surrounding urban areas and damage to airport property.
Details on Structural Integrity and Responses: Navneet Chaudhary, the senior manager at Rewa Airport, noted that the affected section of the wall is at the lowest elevation. The wall was designed primarily for wind resistance and structural stability, not for high-velocity water flow. Built at a cost of nearly Rs 500 crore, Rewa Airport is a crucial infrastructural development in the Vindhya region. Concerns regarding its structural integrity were raised even prior to its opening.
- Cost of Construction: Approximately Rs 500 crore.
- Inauguration: Conducted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the previous year.
- Design Flaws: The wall wasn’t equipped to handle extreme weather conditions such as high water flow.
In response to criticisms regarding construction quality, airport authorities insisted that the failure of the wall was not solely the result of poor construction but was primarily triggered by extreme weather events. Chaudhary emphasized that had they anticipated the intensity of water flow from the nearby Umari village, additional preventative measures, such as installing grilles, would have been implemented.
- Proposed Solutions: The damaged section will be reconstructed with modifications, including grilles to facilitate rainwater flow and alleviate pressure on the wall.
- Future Precautions: Installation of grilles anticipated to prevent similar incidents in the future.
This incident has prompted discussions about the need for improved infrastructure resilience against extreme weather events, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning in urban development, especially in vulnerable regions.
Important Points:
- Boundary wall collapse at Rewa Airport due to extreme rainfall.
- Approximately five feet of water entered the airport premises.
- The airport’s construction has previously faced scrutiny regarding its structural integrity.
- Airport authorities plan to modify the boundary wall design to include grilles for better water management.
- The incident highlights the challenges posed by climate change and the need for protective infrastructure.
This summary encapsulates the events surrounding the Rewa Airport wall collapse, reflecting on the significant issues of urban infrastructure resilience and weather-related challenges faced by newly constructed facilities.
Environment and Ecology