Summary:

On August 22, 2025, Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh delivered a significant address at the World Leaders Forum in New Delhi, emphasizing India's perspective on the global order as a journey towards shared harmony rather than a competitive dominance. He reinforced India's commitment to bolster its defense capabilities amid rising regional challenges, particularly in relation to Pakistan.

Key Highlights:

• Shri Rajnath Singh described India's ethos, stating: "The measure of strength is not in the ability to command, but in the capacity to care; not in the pursuit of narrow interest, but in the commitment to the global good."
• Reflecting on Pakistan Army Chief's comments equating their economy to a "dump truck," he emphasized that India's economic growth is a result of hard work and effective policies, contrasting it with Pakistan's challenges and failures.
• He reiterated India's determination to project its military might through initiatives like Operation Sindoor, ensuring that India’s strength is acknowledged and respected.

Defence Sector Developments:

• Defence exports have increased from Rs 686 crore in 2013-14 to Rs 23,622 crore in 2024-25, showcasing a nearly 35-fold growth.
• The goal set by the government is to achieve defence exports of Rs 30,000 crore in FY 2024-25, aiming for Rs 50,000 crore by 2029.
• Domestic defence production surged from Rs 40,000 crore in 2014 to over Rs 1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25, with projections to near Rs 2 lakh crore in the current fiscal year.
• The government has released five positive indigenisation lists covering 509 platforms and systems mandatorily to be manufactured in India. Over 5,000 strategically important subsystems, spares, and components have also been identified by Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).

Indigenous Capabilities:

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) secured orders of Rs 66,000 crore for 97 Tejas fighter aircraft, in addition to an earlier order of 83 aircraft valued at Rs 48,000 crore, showcasing indigenous capabilities.
• Steps are underway to develop fifth-generation fighter aircraft and engines in India.

Strategic Initiatives:

• The establishment of defence industrial corridors in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu aims to attract investments and promote growth in the defence sector.
• The Strategic Partnership model encourages private sector collaboration in building advanced defense platforms, including fighter jets and submarines.
• Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) supports startups and MSMEs in defence technologies, enhancing indigenous developments.

Policy Reforms:

• FDI limits in defence have increased to 74% through the automatic route and up to 100% via the government route.
• Transfer of Technology from DRDO is available free of cost to encourage local development.

Economic Growth:

• Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the defence budget rose from Rs 2.53 lakh crore in 2013-14 to nearly Rs 6.22 lakh crore in 2024-25, with plans for further expansions post-Operation Sindoor.
• India is recognized as the fastest-growing economy, currently the fourth largest globally, with exports increasing by 76% over the past decade.

Demographic Advantage:

• With 65% of the population under the age of 35, India has a significant demographic advantage, accompanied by a robust startup ecosystem comprising over 100 unicorns.

Conclusion:

The Raksha Mantri's address underscored India's resolve to strengthen its defense capabilities through indigenisation, significant policy reforms, and leveraging its economic growth and demographic dividend to emerge as a global defense supplier.

Important Points:

• Global order viewed as a shared journey; emphasis on harmony and mutual respect.
• Pakistan's economy contrasted with India's growth as a “confession” of its failures.
• Defence exports target of Rs 30,000 crore for FY 2024-25, Rs 50,000 crore by 2029.
• Domestic defence production rising significantly with a focus on indigenisation.
• Defence budget escalated significantly under current administration.
• Strategic initiatives and partnerships fostering continued growth and innovation in the defence sector.

Summary of the Article on Recent Electrocution Tragedies in Hyderabad

Incident Overview:

• A tragic incident occurred on August 18, 2025, in Old Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, where five men were electrocuted while participating in the Krishna Shobha Yatra.
• The victims included P. Krishna (21), Rajendra Reddy (48), Srikanth Reddy (35), Rudra Vikas (39), and Suresh Yadav (34), all of whom died instantly when a nine-foot chariot they were pulling brushed against a high-tension wire.

Context of the Festival:

• The Krishna Shobha Yatra was an inaugural effort aimed at enhancing local participation in the Janmashtami celebration, marking a shift from traditional festivities to a more organized grand procession.

Victim Impact:

• Families of the victims are left grappling with immense loss. Krishna's family highlights their reliance on him as the sole support, while other bereaved families face the challenge of losing primary breadwinners.

Broader Electrocution Incidents:

• Within 48 hours of the Ramanthapur incident, additional fatal electrocutions occurred in Hyderabad, increasing the count to eight deaths due to similar electrical hazards involving poorly managed overhead cables.

Government Response:

• Following public outcry, Deputy Chief Minister Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka ordered an immediate investigation and fast-tracked a shift to underground cabling in Hyderabad.
• Ex-gratia compensation of ₹5 lakh was announced for each deceased victim’s family, along with covering medical expenses for the injured.

Safety Regulations and Oversight Issues:

• The article stresses the longstanding regulatory failure in managing electric and broadband network safety. The lack of accountability and poor oversight among municipal, power, and broadband authorities is highlighted as contributory factors to the hazardous conditions.
• Notably, Cable operators and internet service providers (ISPs) are critiqued for their haphazard wiring practices which contribute to dangerous situations.

Expert Recommendations:

• Experts suggest numerous safety measures including insulated connectors, isolating devices, and regular safety audits to prevent future tragedies.
• Structural reforms to untangle the bureaucracy surrounding electrical maintenance and oversight are recommended, with the report citing the need for a single authority responsible for electrical safety.

Public Sentiment and Future Considerations:

• There is significant public sentiment for systemic change to prevent such tragedies in the future.
• Concerns have been raised about the abrupt removal of cables by the Telangana State Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (TGSPDCL), which has left many residents without internet access amidst efforts to enhance safety, leading to widespread disruption.

Key Points:

• Date of Incident: August 18, 2025
• Location: Old Ramanthapur, Hyderabad
• Casualties: 5 dead, including P. Krishna (21)
• Government Actions: Fast-track underground cabling, ₹5 lakh compensation per family
• Additional Incidents: 8 lives lost within 48 hours due to electrocution
• Regulatory Issues: Poor oversight, lack of accountability across authorities
• Expert Recommendations: Implement safety measures, structural reforms for oversight
• Public Reaction: Calls for systemic change to enhance safety and prevent future tragedies

This summary encapsulates the grim circumstances surrounding the recent electrocutions in Hyderabad and elucidates the multifaceted response required to address the systemic issues that have led to such tragic outcomes.

On August 22, 2025, Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh engaged with women military officers from 15 countries participating in the United Nations Women Military Officers Course (UNWMOC-2025) at the Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi. This event represents India’s strong commitment to enhancing the role of women in peacekeeping efforts worldwide.

Key Highlights:

• Course Overview:

  • The UNWMOC-2025 runs from August 18-29, 2025, organized by the Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping, in collaboration with the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of External Affairs.
  • Its primary objective is to build the professional capacity of women military officers to better participate in multidimensional UN missions.

• Participants:

  • The course has 15 countries represented, including Armenia, DR Congo, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Liberia, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uruguay, and Vietnam, along with 12 Indian women officers and five interns.

• India’s Commitment:

  • India is recognized as the largest contributor to UN peacekeeping missions, demonstrating strong support for the inclusion of women in military operations.
  • Rajnath Singh highlighted India's ongoing efforts to strengthen policies for women’s participation in the Armed Forces, emphasizing equal leadership and service opportunities.

• Importance of Women in Peacekeeping:

  • The Minister stressed that women peacekeepers enhance mission effectiveness, inclusivity, and sustainability due to their unique perspectives.
  • Women officers are crucial for building trust within communities, particularly among women and children, which aids in the rebuilding of societies affected by conflict.
  • Their presence can significantly help in preventing sexual violence, improving humanitarian assistance access, and promoting gender equality in conflict zones.

• UN Journal Launch:

  • During the event, Rajnath Singh unveiled the UN Journal 2025, titled ‘Blue Helmet Odyssey: 75 Years of Indian Peacekeeping,’ a Platinum Jubilee edition chronicling India's contributions and future direction in UN peacekeeping operations.

• Curriculum Components:

  • The UNWMOC-2025 curriculum covers various critical aspects such as:
    • International Humanitarian Law
    • Protection of Civilians
    • Conduct and Discipline
    • Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
    • Child Protection in Conflict
  • The course includes lectures from distinguished speakers, including representatives from the United Nations, Indian Army veterans, and experts from international organizations.
  • A practical field demonstration by an Infantry Battalion designated for UN peacekeeping will further enhance the trainees' understanding.

• Symbolism of Blue Helmets:

  • The blue color of the peacekeeping helmets symbolizes protection and security and aims to foster connections among diverse cultures.

Conclusion:

India's initiative to conduct the UNWMOC-2025 underlines its dedication to international peacekeeping and gender parity. The interactive session emphasized the significant role women play in enhancing peacekeeping initiatives. By empowering women in these roles, India not only contributes to global security but also inspires future generations to engage in peace-building efforts.

Important Sentences:

• "India will continue to work to advance gender parity and foster inclusive leadership.”
• "Women officers are torchbearers of change, bringing invaluable perspectives to peace operations.”
• "Women peacekeepers enhance mission effectiveness and help prevent sexual violence.”
• "The course aims to build professional capacity for women military officers in multidimensional UN missions.”
• "India stands proud of its contributions and is steadfast in its commitment to support women officers.”

The article reports on a tragic incident in Hyderabad's Old Ramanthapur suburb where five men died due to electrocution while participating in a local festival procession. Here is a comprehensive summary of the events and implications:

Key Events:

• Date of Incident: The electrocution occurred on August 18 when five men were involved in pulling a nine-foot chariot as part of the inaugural Krishna Shobha Yatra in their neighborhood.
• Victims: The deceased include P. Krishna (21), Rajendra Reddy (48), Srikanth Reddy (35), Rudra Vikas (39), and Suresh Yadav (34).
• Cause of Death: The tragedy struck when the chariot brushed against a sagging high-tension wire, leading to instant electrocution and subsequent deaths.
• Casualties in Related Incidents: Within 48 hours, additional electrocution incidents claimed three more lives, emphasizing a pattern of safety oversights in the city.

Government Response:

• Immediate Actions: In response to the tragedies, Telangana's Deputy Chief Minister Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka ordered fast-tracked plans for underground cabling in Hyderabad to avoid such accidents in the future.
• Compensation: The state government announced an ex-gratia payment of ₹5 lakh for each deceased’s family and committed to covering medical expenses for the injured.
• Enforcement Orders: A case of accidental death was filed, and the Uppal police initiated an investigation.

Context of Electrical Safety:

• Neglect and Risks: The series of electrocutions highlighted systemic issues related to electrical safety in Hyderabad, where decades of neglect and poor regulation have left infrastructure vulnerable.
• Regulatory Failures: The mix of power lines and internet service provider (ISP) cables has led to dangerous situations, with calls for stricter regulation of ISPs.
• Recommendations: Experts suggest that to enhance safety, there should be a push for smart poles that can integrate various utilities and improve maintenance.

Broader Implications:

• Public Outcry: The local community reacted with grief, demanding accountability and better safety measures to prevent future fatalities.
• Disruption Due to Measures: The state's attempt to address cable management created controversy, leading to widespread loss of internet services as unauthorized cables were cut down, highlighting the need for balanced policy measures.
• Previous Guidelines: Institutions like the Telangana High Court previously stipulated limits on idol heights for festivals to enhance safety, but these regulations have not been strictly enforced.

Notable Statistics and Regulations:

• Electrocution Data: Since January, over a dozen electrocutions have occurred in Hyderabad's vicinity, stressing the urgency for safety reforms.
• Regulatory Framework: The Central Electricity Authority and Indian standards (IS:1255) emphasize the separation of power and signal cables to enhance safety.

Conclusion:

The deaths from electrocution during the festivity processions in Hyderabad bring to light the overarching issues of infrastructure management and regulatory oversight. The tragic loss of lives has ignited calls for comprehensive reforms to avoid tragedies from occurring in the future, focusing not only on immediate compensations and responses but also on foundational changes to improve safety standards in public urban infrastructure.

Important Sentences:

• Five men died in electrocution during a festival procession in Old Ramanthapur, Hyderabad.
• The incident occurred when a chariot came into contact with a sagging high-tension wire.
• More than a dozen people have died in similar incidents across Hyderabad since January.
• The government announced ₹5 lakh compensation for each victim's family and directed efforts for underground cabling.
• Regulatory gaps between various authorities have led to deteriorating electrical safety in urban areas.
• Recent emergency measures, including the cutting of unauthorized cables, caused significant disruption in internet services across the city.

Summary of the News Article

On August 22, 2025, Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh delivered a significant address at the World Leaders Forum in New Delhi, emphasizing India's ethos of creating a cooperative global order rather than a competitive one. He asserted that India's military strength must be accompanied by a fighting spirit to protect national honour and prosperity, specifically noting Operation Sindoor as proof of India's strategic resolve against perceived threats from Pakistan.

Key Factual Highlights:

• Address Themes:

  • Global interaction as a shared journey characterized by "harmony, dignity, and mutual respect" (Rajnath Singh).
  • Critique of Pakistan’s comparative economic failures, highlighting India's growth through sound policies and hard work.

• Economic and Defence Exports:

  • Defence exports increased from Rs 686 crore in 2013-14 to Rs 23,622 crore in 2024-25.
  • A target of Rs 30,000 crore in defence exports for the current year and Rs 50,000 crore by 2029 has been set.
  • Domestic defence production expanded from Rs 40,000 crore in 2014 to over Rs 1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25, with projections to reach nearly Rs 2 lakh crore in the current fiscal year.

• Indigenization and Policy Reforms:

  • Five positive indigenisation lists covering 509 platforms have been released, mandating local manufacture.
  • Strategic Partnership model and private sector engagement in defence underlines a shift towards self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta).
  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limits have been raised to 74% (automatic route) and up to 100% (government route), enhancing investment opportunities in defence sectors.

• Indigenous Capabilities:

  • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) secured orders worth Rs 66,000 crore for 97 Tejas fighter aircraft alongside a previous order of Rs 48,000 crore for 83 aircraft.
  • Initiatives for the development of fifth-generation fighter aircraft and engines are underway.

• Defence Industrial Corridors:

  • Establishment of defence industrial corridors in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, aimed at boosting investments.
  • Encouragement of global defence firms, exemplified by Airbus’s collaboration with Tata Aerospace on C295 transport aircraft production.

• Military and Economic Strategy:

  • Defence budget increased from Rs 2.53 lakh crore in 2013-14 to nearly Rs 6.22 lakh crore in 2024-25, post Operation Sindoor.
  • India is recognized as the fastest-growing economy, currently the fourth largest globally, with aspirations to reach the third position.
  • Notably, 65% of India's demographic is below 35 years old, contributing to its extensive startup ecosystem comprising over 100 unicorn companies.

• Vision for Global Leadership:

  • Rajnath Singh articulated that India's civilizational values, burgeoning economic influence, and favorable demographics position it to play a vital role in shaping the future global order.
  • The ethos of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world as one family) is foundational for India's approach to a just and inclusive world.

Important Sentences in Bullet Points:

• Indian ethos emphasizes global order as a journey of harmony and mutual respect (Rajnath Singh).
• Operation Sindoor exemplifies India’s resolve to maintain its strength against threats.
• Defence exports surged from Rs 686 crore in 2013-14 to Rs 23,622 crore in 2024-25.
• Target set for Rs 30,000 crore in defence exports this year and Rs 50,000 crore by 2029.
• Domestic defence production escalated to over Rs 1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25, expected to reach nearly Rs 2 lakh crore.
• Five indigenisation lists encompassing 509 platforms released; emphasis on local manufacture.
• FDI reforms allowing up to 100% foreign investment in defence sectors.
• HAL’s orders valued at Rs 66,000 crore for 97 Tejas aircraft demonstrate indigenous defence manufacturing capabilities.
• Defence budget has risen to approximately Rs 6.22 lakh crore, reflecting government priority on military strength.
• India aims to leverage its demographic dividend and robust economy to influence global leadership and foster a cooperative international environment.

Summary:

On August 22, 2025, Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh delivered a significant address at the World Leaders Forum in New Delhi, where he articulated India’s vision for a harmonious global order, highlighting the country's advancements in defense capabilities and asserting its role in shaping international relations.

• Global Order: Singh emphasized that India approaches global dynamics not as a contest for dominance but as a pursuit of harmony and mutual respect, encapsulating the ethos of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (the world is one family).

• Defence Strategy: He reiterated India's robust military stance, referencing Operation Sindoor, and pledged that India would not underestimate its strength, reaffirming commitment to national defense against perceived threats, particularly highlighting comparisons made by Pakistan’s Army Chief between the economies of India and Pakistan.

• Economic and Defence Growth:

  • Defence exports have surged from Rs 686 crore in 2013-14 to Rs 23,622 crore in 2024-25, aiming for Rs 30,000 crore in the current year and Rs 50,000 crore by 2029.
  • Domestic defence production has also escalated, increasing from Rs 40,000 crore in 2014 to Rs 1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25, with projections to reach Rs 2 lakh crore.
  • The government has enacted five positive indigenisation lists covering 509 defence platforms, mandating domestic manufacturing, and DPSUs have produced lists for over 5,000 critical subsystems.

• Strategic Initiatives:

  • The government has earmarked 75% of the defence capital procurement budget for Indian firms.
  • Modernization efforts include collaboration with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), which received orders for 180 Tejas fighter aircraft valued at Rs 114,000 crore combined.
  • Progress is being made in developing fifth-generation fighter aircraft and engines, alongside the establishment of defence industrial corridors in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

• Policy Reforms:

  • The Strategic Partnership model aims to enhance private sector participation in defense, including advanced platforms like fighter jets and tanks.
  • The iDEX initiative supports startups and MSMEs in defense, and recent policy changes have raised FDI limits in defence to 74% and up to 100% under government scrutiny.
  • The government's defence budget increased from Rs 2.53 lakh crore in 2013-14 to Rs 6.22 lakh crore in 2024-25.

• International Collaboration: Singh invited global defense companies to partner with India, highlighting existing collaborations like Airbus’s C295 transport aircraft production with Tata Aerospace.

• Economic Status: Singh posited that India is poised to lead in the evolving global order, underpinned by its civilizational values, robust economic growth, and significant demographic advantages. India is now the fourth-largest economy globally, moving towards being the third, with a 76% increase in exports over the last decade, and hosting over 100 unicorns.

This address underscores India's strategic prioritization of defense capabilities, economic resilience, and its ambition to expand its influence in global affairs.

Key Points:

• India views global relations as a shared journey towards mutual respect.
• Strong emphasis on defense integrity and national honor.
• Defence exports increased significantly, indicating strategic growth.
• Economic growth and demographic advantages reinforce India's leadership potential.
• Extensive indigenisation and modernization of defense capabilities are prioritized.
• Global collaboration is actively sought in defence manufacturing.

Summary of News Article on Water Security Initiatives in India

The management and conservation of water resources in India largely fall under the jurisdiction of the state governments, as water is a state subject. However, the Central Government plays a pivotal role in supporting state efforts through various schemes and programs aimed at enhancing water security across the country.

Key Initiatives and Programs:

• Atal Bhujal Yojana: Focuses on the sustainable management of groundwater resources.
• Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Launched in 2019, this national campaign aims to promote rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, and rejuvenation of traditional water bodies.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY): Promotes irrigation efficiency and water conservation techniques.
• Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Aimed at providing assured drinking water supply to all households.
• National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM): Under which the CGWB has finished mapping 25 lakh sq. km and initiated NAQUIM 2.0 for detailed groundwater management in critical areas.
• Repair, Renovation & Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies: Aims to restore traditional water bodies to promote their utility.
• Interlinking of Rivers (ILR): Proposed to resolve inter-state water disputes and ensure equitable distribution of water.

Advanced Technologies:

• The “Bhu-Neer” portal was launched in 2024 by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA). This state-of-the-art platform enhances the transparency and efficiency of groundwater extraction permissions through an online application process for industries and projects across 19 States/UTs.

Recent Initiatives:

• The Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB) scheme was introduced on September 6, 2024, intending to encourage community participation in constructing artificial recharge structures and facilitate rooftop rainwater harvesting.

Coordination Between Governments:

• To enhance coordination between state and central governments, several River Management Boards and Dispute Resolution Tribunals have been constituted addressing inter-state river basin management.
• Regular meetings organized by the Ministry of Jal Shakti aim to review and resolve any issues related to ongoing projects.

Implementation and Impact:

• The report outlined the works completed and ongoing under Jal Shakti Abhiyan from March 9, 2024, to March 21, 2025. Multiple states have undertaken significant projects for water conservation:
  • Andhra Pradesh: Completion of extensive rainwater harvesting and watershed development efforts.
  • Bihar: Extensive completed and ongoing initiatives focusing on various water-related projects.
  • Maharashtra reported significant efforts in water conservation and groundwater recharge structures as part of the JSA.

Statistical Overview:

• As of the latest report, 1,301,806 water-related works have been completed, with ongoing projects amounting to 416,531 total works across the states.
• An exhaustive list of completed and ongoing projects across states provided a detailed overview of the amount of water conservation works undertaken, highlighting significant progress particularly in states like Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

Important Points:

• Water resource management is a collaborative effort between Central and State Governments.
• Several schemes and programs are deployed for sustainable water management.
• Bhu-Neer portal enhances efficiency in groundwater extraction permissions.
• The Jal Shakti Abhiyan has substantially contributed to increased awareness of water conservation and management.
• Multiple initiatives promote community participation to address groundwater issues effectively.
• Detailed project lists available state-wise showcase achievements and contributions towards improved water security.

This collaborative approach addresses India's pressing water scarcity issues, setting a platform for sustainable water management in the future.

Summary:

The Indian government, through the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), is actively engaged in deep sea mineral exploration in the Indian Ocean, particularly under contracts with the International Seabed Authority (ISA). This exploration is crucial as it involves valuable resources located on the seabed, which could have significant economic implications.

• Contracts and Areas of Exploration:

  • MoES has two seabed mineral exploration contracts with ISA:
    • The first, signed in 2002, covers an area of 75,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin for Polymetallic Nodules (PMN).
    • The second, signed in 2016, is for Polymetallic Sulphides (PMS) in the South-West Indian Ocean Ridge, covering 10,000 sq. km.

• Mineral Composition:

  • PMN contains precious metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
  • PMS includes valuable metals like copper, zinc, lead, iron, silver, and gold.

• Exploration Activities:

  • As of now, only survey activities have been conducted for the PMN contract area, estimating 366 million metric tons (MMT) of nodules.
  • The composition of the nodules in the contract area includes:
    • Copper: 1.09%
    • Nickel: 1.14%
    • Cobalt: 0.14%

• Regulatory Framework:

  • The exploration activities must adhere to an approved work plan by ISA, encompassing:
    • Survey and exploration
    • Environmental impact assessments
    • Technology development for potential mining operations
  • Current regulations, as stated, only allow for exploration, with deep-sea mining explicitly not permitted until ISA finalizes exploitation regulations.

• Government Oversight:

  • The activities related to PMN and PMS exploration are subject to review by expert committees formed by the Ministry.

• Recent Developments:

  • This information was provided by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for various departments, during an oral query in the Rajya Sabha.

This exploration effort is significant not only for the pursuit of valuable minerals but also poses potential challenges related to environmental sustainability and international maritime law, especially under the governance of ISA.

Important Points:

• MoES has signed two contracts with ISA for seabed exploration in the Indian Ocean.
• PMN exploration area: 75,000 sq. km; PMS area: 10,000 sq. km.
• Estimated resources: 366 MMT of PMN, with specific metal contents specified.
• Deep-sea mining is regulated and currently limited to exploration only.
• Information disclosed by Dr. Jitendra Singh in Rajya Sabha session.

Summary of Gyan Bharatam Mission

The Gyan Bharatam Mission has been initiated by the Government of India with a focus on the preservation, digitization, and dissemination of Indian manuscripts. Key objectives and details regarding the mission are as follows:

• Objective: The mission aims to identify, conserve, and promote Indian manuscripts through several targeted initiatives.

• Key Goals:

  1. Identification of Manuscripts: The mission seeks to identify all Indian manuscripts in existence.
  2. Metadata Collection: It aims to gather metadata and prepare a comprehensive list of manuscripts preserved by both institutions and private individuals.
  3. Conservation Efforts: A significant goal is to ensure the proper conservation of rare and important manuscripts.
  4. Standardized Conservation Framework: The mission intends to implement a standardized approach for preserving manuscripts, which will apply to both institutional and individual holdings.
  5. National Digital Repository (NDR): A major component of the mission is to create a digital repository to house all identified manuscripts.
  6. Monetization for Custodians: The initiative includes provisions for the monetization of manuscripts for the benefit of their custodians.
  7. Publication of Manuscripts: Selected manuscripts will be published to facilitate wider knowledge dissemination.
  8. Controlled Access for Research: The NDR will provide controlled access to manuscripts for research, translation, and publication activities, while following a monetization model.
  9. Physical Storage Facilities: Establishment of physical storage facilities is planned for the conservation of rare manuscripts, using long-term archival materials.

• Technology Utilization: The mission plans to leverage digital technology, including virtual museums, online archives, and mobile applications, to enhance accessibility and promote research and translation efforts.

• Financial Allocation: The Gyan Bharatam Mission has been allocated a financial outlay of ₹60 Crore for the fiscal year 2025-2026, as announced by Union Minister for Culture and Tourism, Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha.

Important Points to Note:

• Launch of the Mission: It addresses the long-term preservation and accessibility of Indian cultural heritage.
• Focus on Digitization: Use of advanced technologies like AI and cloud platforms for digitization, research, and monetization is a crucial aspect.
• Cultural Preservation: Aligns with India’s broader goals of cultural and historical preservation.
• Impact on Scholars and Researchers: The initiative is expected to significantly enhance the opportunities available for scholars engaged in the study of manuscripts.

The Gyan Bharatam Mission represents a comprehensive approach to safeguarding India's literary heritage, promoting research, and ensuring that valuable cultural artifacts are preserved for future generations while making them accessible to a wider audience.

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has introduced two educational modules focusing on "Operation Sindoor" for schoolchildren in response to the Pahalgam terror attacks and the ongoing military tensions between India and Pakistan. These supplements for Classes 3 to 8, and 9 to 12, serve as educational resources detailing the context of the conflict, significant historical events, and India's counter-terrorism strategies.

Key Highlights:

• Introduction of Modules:

  • Two modules titled ‘Operation Sindoor — A saga of valour’ for Classes 3 to 8 and ‘Operation Sindoor — A mission of honour and bravery’ for Classes 9 to 12.
  • Aimed to supplement educational material regarding national security and terrorism.

• Context of Conflict:

  • The modules articulate allegations that Pakistan was involved in the February 2025 Pahalgam attack, with no steps taken to curb terrorism by its leadership.
  • Historical references include the URI attack in 2016 (19 soldiers killed) and the Pulwama attack in 2019 (40 CRPF personnel killed).

• Abrogation of Article 370:

  • The abrogation of Article 370 is highlighted as a significant moment changing the political landscape of Jammu and Kashmir, paving the way for its development, while noting Pakistan's opposition to this progress.

• Summary of Operation Sindoor:

  • Described as a deliberate initiative to combat terrorism emanating from groups like Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), operated from Pakistan.
  • Named to honor the bereaved families of soldiers who fell in conflict, it seeks to portray India’s resolve and strategic intent in ensuring national security.

• Public Reactions:

  • The modules report widespread civil protests against terrorism, noting collective actions by various communities including candlelight marches and symbolic gestures of mourning, such as wearing black armbands.

• Military Engagement and Technologies:

  • On May 8, 2025, Pakistan allegedly escalated military actions targeting Indian airbases and infrastructure, prompting India's military response.
  • India utilized an integrated air defense system that included S-400 and AKASH technologies to effectively neutralize threats and inflict casualties on Pakistani forces.

• Key Outcomes:

  • The response from India was noted as strategically significant, reportedly breaching the Pakistani air defense system, leading to international visibility of the conflict's dynamics.

• Educational Approach:

  • The NCERT’s strategy includes 16 modules focusing on national themes, aiming to foster a deeper understanding of current affairs among students through classroom dialogues and interactive formats.

Additional Information:

• The operational details and analysis underscore India’s persistent efforts to combat terrorism and ensure national security while highlighting the socio-political implications of these military actions.
• The introduction of these educational materials reflects a governmental initiative to sensitize schoolchildren towards national history and current developments in security.

The modules epitomize the intersection of education and awareness in the face of terror, indicating a strategic educational policy aimed at building a resilient societal perspective among young citizens regarding issues of national importance.